tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-184953772024-03-13T16:12:11.846+00:00ImpromptoTextos menores ou inacabados sobre Geografia Histórica do Algarve e do Sul de Portugal.Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.comBlogger105125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-56960295758643619692019-11-23T16:23:00.004+00:002019-11-23T16:25:47.363+00:00último blogCaros<br />
Amigos:<br />
Por motivos de doença é-me impossível continuar estas intervenções.<br />
Espero que possam continuar a ser úteis no futuro.<br />
Um grade abraço pelo vosso interesse.<span class="text_exposed_show"><br /> LuIs Fraga</span>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-14031268182476938052012-10-19T21:29:00.000+00:002012-11-23T00:01:09.629+00:00Épocas. Ensaios sobre a Carta Arqueológica de Portugal<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Indicadores elementares sobre épocas histórico-arqueológicas de ocupação.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Estudos cartográficos. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Post em desenvolvimento</span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-02Y3kp3ZSfA/UIHCuO7u-nI/AAAAAAAABFI/8fu8NuAVbHo/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="464" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-02Y3kp3ZSfA/UIHCuO7u-nI/AAAAAAAABFI/8fu8NuAVbHo/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modelo de dados da informação arqueológica usada na elaboração dos indicadores e mapas. Implementação em MS-Access<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3mICcCE38WE/UK68fPPljDI/AAAAAAAABi4/gCt61z_LwBM/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3mICcCE38WE/UK68fPPljDI/AAAAAAAABi4/gCt61z_LwBM/s640/Capture.JPG" width="608" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modelo de processamento de dados. Rede lógica e interfaces</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f3YyfKmRrJA/UIHCztcrPWI/AAAAAAAABFQ/ovT6_WF_CB0/s1600/s1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="396" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f3YyfKmRrJA/UIHCztcrPWI/AAAAAAAABFQ/ovT6_WF_CB0/s640/s1.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sítios Arqueológicos por Concelho. <br />
1) Densidade de Sítios (Nº de Sítios por Km2)<br />
2) Nº de sítios</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FxXQBdDCl34/UIHC2okROeI/AAAAAAAABFY/lW0YuDNn7WQ/s1600/s2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="368" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FxXQBdDCl34/UIHC2okROeI/AAAAAAAABFY/lW0YuDNn7WQ/s640/s2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8gIqrhVk4PE/UIHC5OMvA_I/AAAAAAAABFg/qVjFYKq1BRI/s1600/s3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="378" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8gIqrhVk4PE/UIHC5OMvA_I/AAAAAAAABFg/qVjFYKq1BRI/s640/s3.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sítios com ocupação por grandes épocas. <br />
Indicadores concelhios:<br />
1) Densidade (nº de sítios com ocupação na época por km2)<br />
2) Peso relativo dos sítios com ocupação na época relativamente ao total de ocupações </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EgpQGQslaGg/UIHC_GR3cbI/AAAAAAAABFw/lh8YCPfwFsc/s1600/s6.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EgpQGQslaGg/UIHC_GR3cbI/AAAAAAAABFw/lh8YCPfwFsc/s640/s6.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yZDFUn20xdc/UIHC8ddKXPI/AAAAAAAABFo/TaT8eooJV2g/s1600/s4.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="401" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yZDFUn20xdc/UIHC8ddKXPI/AAAAAAAABFo/TaT8eooJV2g/s640/s4.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sítios com ocupação por grandes épocas.<br />
1) Nº de sítios e peso relativo dos sítios da época, por concelho<br />
2) Implantação pontual de sítios com ocupação na época (distribuição e densidade implícitas)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Nota: A informação original foi extraída de um instantâneo da base de dados "Endovélico" (IGESPAR, Lisboa), em 22 de Setembro de 2012</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-21353154209103796232012-10-15T21:08:00.001+00:002012-10-15T21:08:43.593+00:00Folheto da Nova Carta Arqueológica do Algarve<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lI26zC8wvAk/UHx4WJ31fgI/AAAAAAAABEo/5WvV8o5hW9I/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lI26zC8wvAk/UHx4WJ31fgI/AAAAAAAABEo/5WvV8o5hW9I/s1600/Capture.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Teste da primeira página do folheto</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Projecto editorial em desenvolvimento </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B_0SRBKdU398QXR1QUZOdENoVlk" target="_blank">Clique aqui para carregar uma versão PDF </a></div>
<br />
<br />Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-32300921819550269322012-10-13T15:43:00.001+00:002012-10-13T16:13:56.173+00:00Nova Carta Arqueológica do Algarve<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Cento e vinte e sete anos após a publicação da Carta Arqueológica do Algarve por Sebastião Estácio da Veiga (ver o post <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2006/12/carta-arqueolgica-do-algarve-1883.html">Carta Arqueológica do Algarve -1883</a> neste blog) já é tempo de actualizar esse projecto com a informação entretanto adquirida e as técnicas actualmente existentes.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Será um projecto muito mais ambicioso que o primitivo, sob a forma de atlas, cujo plano se divulgará oportunamente.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Fica para já aqui um teste de um dos mapas principais dessa carta: da distribuição de sítios arqueológicos cuja localização era conhecida em 22-09-2012, segundo os grandes períodos histórico-arqueológicos da sua ocupação.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EwGQzFJjXqM/UHmL1W1WTvI/AAAAAAAABEM/LeJ-27RPDzU/s1600/nova-carta-arqueologica-algarve-por-periodos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="408" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EwGQzFJjXqM/UHmL1W1WTvI/AAAAAAAABEM/LeJ-27RPDzU/s640/nova-carta-arqueologica-algarve-por-periodos.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clique para aumentar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-12620972249464354052012-10-10T21:28:00.001+00:002012-10-11T10:52:35.957+00:00Carta Arqueológica de Portugal Romano<br />
Este post apresenta alguns ensaios e testes de elementos de uma futura carta arqueológica da ocupação romana no actual território português.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">A base de dados
Endovélico (do ex Instituto Português de Arqueologia) tem grandes
insuficiências como repositório da informação arqueológica localizada em
território nacional. A própria qualidade dos conteúdos informativos da
esmagadora maioria dos sítios arqueológicos deixa muito a desejar, de acordo com critérios relativamente actuais.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">O seu acesso também não
tem sido facilitado graças à tradição burocrática da
administração pública portuguesa, sempre atreita a excessos de zelo na
ocultação, dificultação e apropriação indevida de informação de
domínio público.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Apesar deste diagnóstico
muito pessimista, a base de dados Endovélico reúne um manancial único de dados
que nunca foram convenientemente analisados e organizados, tendo em vista nomeadamente
os estudos de reconstituição da geografia de épocas passadas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Trabalhos em
curso sobre o Algarve Romano levaram-me a compilar e organizar essa informação,
com vista a uma análise sistemática da sua qualidade e da possibilidade da sua
integração em modelos de reconstituição corográfica.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: PT;">Apresento aqui os
primeiros ensaios de
distribuição pontual de alguns atributos de informação, escolhidos aleatoriamente. </span></div>
<br />
Ver neste blog o post <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2012/09/sitios-arqueologicos-romanos-em-portugal.html">Sítios Arqueológicos Romanos em Portugal</a> com um mapas interactivo de sítios com ocupação na época romana.<br />
<br />
Os mapas correspondem a um instantâneo da base de dados Endovélico em 22 de Setembro de 2012.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKHWlG_M4A/UHXn_s6vdsI/AAAAAAAABA8/R60flG3Qu2I/s1600/romano+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKHWlG_M4A/UHXn_s6vdsI/AAAAAAAABA8/R60flG3Qu2I/s1600/romano+(Copy).jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">01 Elementos do Povoamento e Ocupação Romana </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d4Dy7cm9NzY/UHXoavdah5I/AAAAAAAABCk/OHyMuNOH4Rk/s1600/romano-villa+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d4Dy7cm9NzY/UHXoavdah5I/AAAAAAAABCk/OHyMuNOH4Rk/s1600/romano-villa+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">02 Villas Romanas segundo a interpretação arqueológica</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UyMLsO8tp2o/UHXoBpfiuLI/AAAAAAAABBE/ReUEwVnyBL0/s1600/romano-achados+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UyMLsO8tp2o/UHXoBpfiuLI/AAAAAAAABBE/ReUEwVnyBL0/s1600/romano-achados+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">03 Achados Romanos não especificados</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HpBE6nWJRc0/UHXocUAH1_I/AAAAAAAABCs/nDggGq4ei4Y/s1600/romano-%25C3%25A2nfora+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HpBE6nWJRc0/UHXocUAH1_I/AAAAAAAABCs/nDggGq4ei4Y/s1600/romano-%25C3%25A2nfora+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">04 Ânforas Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMK_X0FuUj0/UHXoECioL5I/AAAAAAAABBM/xpBtWMdwHII/s1600/romano-cer%25C3%25A2mica+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMK_X0FuUj0/UHXoECioL5I/AAAAAAAABBM/xpBtWMdwHII/s1600/romano-cer%25C3%25A2mica+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">05 Cerâmicas Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SifduYHs_A8/UHXoGl4mK5I/AAAAAAAABBU/7ra7gPh6Oag/s1600/romano-isncri%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+e+l%25C3%25A1pides+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SifduYHs_A8/UHXoGl4mK5I/AAAAAAAABBU/7ra7gPh6Oag/s1600/romano-isncri%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+e+l%25C3%25A1pides+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">06 Inscrições e Lápides Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5eL35H7reHU/UHXoIVnmeII/AAAAAAAABBc/hVA1M4560Eg/s1600/romano-lagar+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5eL35H7reHU/UHXoIVnmeII/AAAAAAAABBc/hVA1M4560Eg/s1600/romano-lagar+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">07 Lagares e lagaretas Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SibzuYwAZp8/UHXoKUfZiWI/AAAAAAAABBk/bJjnGJiHwP8/s1600/romano-marco-mili%25C3%25A1rio+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SibzuYwAZp8/UHXoKUfZiWI/AAAAAAAABBk/bJjnGJiHwP8/s1600/romano-marco-mili%25C3%25A1rio+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">08 Marcos e Miliários Romanos</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cMri0-diL6I/UHXoMXRl2DI/AAAAAAAABBs/j_Wke10qLN0/s1600/romano-moeda+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cMri0-diL6I/UHXoMXRl2DI/AAAAAAAABBs/j_Wke10qLN0/s1600/romano-moeda+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">09 Achados de Moedas Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hbNuSpjfeaM/UHXoOSvY5NI/AAAAAAAABB0/uXGvRokR1ig/s1600/romano-mosaico-tessela+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hbNuSpjfeaM/UHXoOSvY5NI/AAAAAAAABB0/uXGvRokR1ig/s1600/romano-mosaico-tessela+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">10 Mosaicos e Tesselas de mosaico Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t8XhqToxR9Y/UHXoQg48omI/AAAAAAAABB8/TrUPAaWoXQ8/s1600/romano-necro-sepult+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t8XhqToxR9Y/UHXoQg48omI/AAAAAAAABB8/TrUPAaWoXQ8/s1600/romano-necro-sepult+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">11 Sepulturas e necrópoles Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-l-TnCfNAe4A/UHZ1ERCjwQI/AAAAAAAABDw/flirR_qTZN0/s1600/romano-pov+fortificados,+povoados,+habitat,+vest%C3%ADgios,+minas+(Copy)+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-l-TnCfNAe4A/UHZ1ERCjwQI/AAAAAAAABDw/flirR_qTZN0/s1600/romano-pov+fortificados,+povoados,+habitat,+vest%C3%ADgios,+minas+(Copy)+(Copy).jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">12 Povoados (Fortificados e abertos), Habitats e Zonas de Vestígios com ocupação Romana</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UhUpgqbbjsE/UHXoU547nYI/AAAAAAAABCM/7N0_f_80_jc/s1600/romano-sigillata+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UhUpgqbbjsE/UHXoU547nYI/AAAAAAAABCM/7N0_f_80_jc/s1600/romano-sigillata+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">13 Cerâmicas sigillatas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LkruP4tlTBk/UHXoWpg0H8I/AAAAAAAABCU/rZS0Orwzeag/s1600/romano-tanque+e+cetaria+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LkruP4tlTBk/UHXoWpg0H8I/AAAAAAAABCU/rZS0Orwzeag/s1600/romano-tanque+e+cetaria+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">14 Tanques e Cetarias</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_yNJdIhzgPQ/UHXoYwknotI/AAAAAAAABCc/NcSfV7Janng/s1600/romano-tegula+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_yNJdIhzgPQ/UHXoYwknotI/AAAAAAAABCc/NcSfV7Janng/s1600/romano-tegula+%2528Copy%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">15 Tégulas Romanas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y2BVkhVczf4/UHZ1BwNa8WI/AAAAAAAABDo/6G2ZChpAod0/s1600/romano-+minas+e+conheiras.+A+cinzento+idem+%C3%A9poca+indeterminada+(Copy)+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y2BVkhVczf4/UHZ1BwNa8WI/AAAAAAAABDo/6G2ZChpAod0/s1600/romano-+minas+e+conheiras.+A+cinzento+idem+%C3%A9poca+indeterminada+(Copy)+(Copy).jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">16 Minas e Conheiras Romanas (a azul) e de Época Indeterminada (a cinzento)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-73664609998807111892012-10-10T21:10:00.000+00:002012-10-10T21:29:14.521+00:00Carta Arqueológica de Portugal<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ensaios preliminares e testes de uma <b>Carta Arqueológica de Portugal </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sítios Arqueológicos da <a href="http://arqueologia.igespar.pt/">Base de Dados <b>Endovélico</b></a> em 22 Set 2012, excepto se especificado em contrário </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ver o post <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2012/09/sitios-arqueologicos-romanos-em-portugal.html">anterior </a>
</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIDNN1X7pMk/UHVlarJaS4I/AAAAAAAAA9c/QgbEufGPzcY/s1600/20376-sitios-arqueologicos-2008+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KIDNN1X7pMk/UHVlarJaS4I/AAAAAAAAA9c/QgbEufGPzcY/s640/20376-sitios-arqueologicos-2008+(Copy).jpg" width="326" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SÍTIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS (TOTAL)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ3pIas_KI0/UHVl6zof0XI/AAAAAAAAA-8/6bFutFu1dkw/s1600/Sitios+paleoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ3pIas_KI0/UHVl6zof0XI/AAAAAAAAA-8/6bFutFu1dkw/s640/Sitios+paleoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="326" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PALEOLÍTICO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9LRYt4uTfyo/UHVl9pcCGxI/AAAAAAAAA_E/fYjLccz_BYU/s1600/Sitios+paleoliticos+mesoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9LRYt4uTfyo/UHVl9pcCGxI/AAAAAAAAA_E/fYjLccz_BYU/s640/Sitios+paleoliticos+mesoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="329" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PALEOLÍTICO E MESOLÍTICO</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pEllGKAAVbU/UHVl4SaOLII/AAAAAAAAA-0/-e1H6NPi2w4/s1600/Sitios+neoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pEllGKAAVbU/UHVl4SaOLII/AAAAAAAAA-0/-e1H6NPi2w4/s640/Sitios+neoliticos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="326" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NEOLÍTICO</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ONuktjG1RYE/UHVli_UXxyI/AAAAAAAAA90/-j7lxdrJcus/s1600/Sitios+Calcoliticos+e+neo-calc+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ONuktjG1RYE/UHVli_UXxyI/AAAAAAAAA90/-j7lxdrJcus/s640/Sitios+Calcoliticos+e+neo-calc+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NEOLÍTICO+CALCOLÍTICO E CALCOLÍTICO</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ex6r3wvFFzs/UHVlmNXumRI/AAAAAAAAA98/KYFIDNa7vz0/s1600/Sitios+Idade-do-Bronze+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ex6r3wvFFzs/UHVlmNXumRI/AAAAAAAAA98/KYFIDNa7vz0/s640/Sitios+Idade-do-Bronze+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="324" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE DO BRONZE</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3OP454wlT0Q/UHVmDA46PDI/AAAAAAAAA_U/qYHZkhS7qSM/s1600/S%C3%ADtios+Idade-do-Ferro+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3OP454wlT0Q/UHVmDA46PDI/AAAAAAAAA_U/qYHZkhS7qSM/s640/S%C3%ADtios+Idade-do-Ferro+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE DO FERRO</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WucYbkWK8OA/UHVlwNGu8VI/AAAAAAAAA-c/ia-1_yAC1yY/s1600/Sitios+Romanos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WucYbkWK8OA/UHVlwNGu8VI/AAAAAAAAA-c/ia-1_yAC1yY/s640/Sitios+Romanos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ANTIGUIDADE ROMANA</td></tr>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2deArrUTyPE/UHVlfn_NisI/AAAAAAAAA9s/wlq4W9hFmVI/s1600/Sitios+Antiguidade+Tardia+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2deArrUTyPE/UHVlfn_NisI/AAAAAAAAA9s/wlq4W9hFmVI/s640/Sitios+Antiguidade+Tardia+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ALTA IDADE-MÉDIA / ANTIGUIDADE TARDIA</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dDP9mjhBD5A/UHVloWKw_HI/AAAAAAAAA-E/gdCmIRc2fSI/s1600/Sitios+Islamicos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dDP9mjhBD5A/UHVloWKw_HI/AAAAAAAAA-E/gdCmIRc2fSI/s640/Sitios+Islamicos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="322" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE MÉDIA ISLÂMICA</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mODwyuZCpkE/UHVlrA-nkLI/AAAAAAAAA-M/6MS1t0jU6q8/s1600/Sitios+Medievais+Crist%C3%A3os+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mODwyuZCpkE/UHVlrA-nkLI/AAAAAAAAA-M/6MS1t0jU6q8/s640/Sitios+Medievais+Crist%C3%A3os+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="322" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE-MÉDIA CRISTÃ/PORTUGUESA</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XzMGlLbX6Vg/UHVltw_13bI/AAAAAAAAA-U/QfWAWXd-yDg/s1600/Sitios+Modernos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XzMGlLbX6Vg/UHVltw_13bI/AAAAAAAAA-U/QfWAWXd-yDg/s640/Sitios+Modernos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="322" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE MODERNA</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dzDmVYxNRek/UHVlyvCLrbI/AAAAAAAAA-k/ZP9CwCL9qMY/s1600/Sitios+contemporaneos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dzDmVYxNRek/UHVlyvCLrbI/AAAAAAAAA-k/ZP9CwCL9qMY/s640/Sitios+contemporaneos+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="324" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ehjvVItCwUQ/UHVl1q1m-bI/AAAAAAAAA-s/Eafcxuo2Nio/s1600/Sitios+indeterminados+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ehjvVItCwUQ/UHVl1q1m-bI/AAAAAAAAA-s/Eafcxuo2Nio/s640/Sitios+indeterminados+localizados+22+Set+2012+(Copy).jpg" width="322" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PERÍODO INDETERMINADO</td></tr>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-R6Otw3_lDMQ/UHVmFrQjsyI/AAAAAAAAA_c/l6_DZp6yOEw/s1600/arte+rupestre+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-R6Otw3_lDMQ/UHVmFrQjsyI/AAAAAAAAA_c/l6_DZp6yOEw/s640/arte+rupestre+(Copy).jpg" width="332" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GRAVURAS RUPESTRES</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-88lw5Fc1bu0/UHVmHA5k6DI/AAAAAAAAA_k/rv3nEmqS9hA/s1600/menir+(preto)+e+anta+(vermelho)+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-88lw5Fc1bu0/UHVmHA5k6DI/AAAAAAAAA_k/rv3nEmqS9hA/s640/menir+(preto)+e+anta+(vermelho)+(Copy).jpg" width="332" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MENIRES (preto) E ANTAS (vermelhas)</td></tr>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tk02oYT4rCI/UHVmIwwVoEI/AAAAAAAAA_s/Jskvw_ThW-s/s1600/povoados+fortificados+(Copy).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tk02oYT4rCI/UHVmIwwVoEI/AAAAAAAAA_s/Jskvw_ThW-s/s640/povoados+fortificados+(Copy).jpg" width="332" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">POVOADOS FORTIFICADOS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /><br />Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-31876266751774977862012-09-28T15:49:00.000+00:002012-10-26T18:19:25.675+00:00Sítios Arqueológicos Romanos em Portugal<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Contribuição pessoal para as "Jornadas Europeias do Patrimóno" de 2012 <b>e para comemorar <span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;">o 100º post deste blog!</span></span></b></span></span></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">MAPA INTERACTIVO DE SÍTIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS ROMANOS<br /><span style="font-size: small;">versão experimental</span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Localização aproximada (<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">±500
metros de erro) da totalidade dos sítios com ocupação romana no
território português, identificados e com localização conhecida em 22
Setembro 2012.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><b>"Clicar" sobre os símbolos</b> para visualizar alguns atributos de informação associados. Pode mudar-se a ampliação e deslocar a parte visível do mapa. A zona de implantação abrange todo o país.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><iframe frameborder="no" height="800" scrolling="no" src="https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col5+from+1gVQHSighf0U8tjD_3vXw0VZ0vMmLPiV_fVH_R9c&h=false&lat=37.274052809979025&lng=-8.049545288085938&z=11&t=1&l=col5&y=2&tmplt=1" width="800"></iframe></span>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fonte: Base de dados Endovélico (IGESPAR, Secretaria de Estado da Cultura)</span></span></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A <b>Base
de Dados Endovélico* </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>de informação
arqueológica constitui hoje o
principal ponto de partida para o estudo da "arqueologia espacial"/"geografia
arqueológica" do território português, graças ao continuado esforço da equipa responsável
pela sua manutenção, desenvolvimento e melhoramento dos dispositivos de
consulta.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Limitações dos dispositivos de
consulta</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Neste
último aspecto continuam porém a existir limitações muito sérias aos
utilizadores, de dificultação ao acesso sistemático e integral da informação
existente. O sistema de paginação é rígido e o sistema de interrogação é
limitado.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Nenhuma página reúne a totalidade de informação sobre um sítio nem
existe um meio automático de obter uma listagem integral de sítios e seus
atributos a partir de critérios omissos ou mais ou menos selectivos. Não é
possível obter, por exemplo, uma lista de sítios de um distrito nem uma lista
ou registo singular que contenha simultaneamente todos os períodos do sítio e
as suas coordenadas geográficas.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Solução de contingência</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elaborei uma folha
de cálculo estática - referente à situação da base de dados em 22 Setembro de 2012 - que resolve estas limitações, apresentando (quase) toda a
informação disponível de forma sistemática e exaustiva para os 8910 sítios
arqueológicos que tiveram um período de ocupação romano. A versão pública usada acima na janela de localização do GoogleMaps(tm) tem as seguintes características:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">As
coordenadas geográficas foram propositadamente truncadas, com uma erro estimado de ±500 metros
relativamente à localização real. Esta aproximação é mais que suficiente para
todos os estudos de cartografia de implantação supra-topográfica e de análise
espacial (corresponde a um erro cartográfico de ±2.5mm à escala 1:200 000, por
exemplo).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Os detalhes das fontes documentais (trabalhos
arqueológicos e bibliografia) são excluídos, com excepção do título e do ano.
Porém, para além da lista de referências, apresentam-se os anos limites das
fontes de cada sítio (ano da fonte mais antiga e da mais moderna).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Qualidade da informação</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A
qualidade da informação disponível tem também infelizmente numerosas e graves deficiências,
que devem ser conhecidas e avaliadas pelos eventuais interessados.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">No caso
particular da Época Romana essas deficiências reflectem sobretudo o carácter
primitivo e esporádico da esmagadora maioria do registo dos vestígios romanos em
Portugal: proveniente de colecções de objectos de origem pouco definida; de
notícias de achados casuais; de prospecções impressionistas e não sistemáticas;
de intervenções antigas e e não aferíveis por critérios actuais; e de
intervenções técnicas excessivamente pontuais e incompletas. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">As
consequências mais marcantes deste primitivismo no conteúdo da base de dados são
a falta de elaboração e sistematização na descrição dos vestígios, o
subjectivismo e modismo na classificação de sítios e as numerosas ausências de
localizações conhecidas (omissão de coordenadas geográficas e mesmo de
freguesia).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Atributos de informação</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Os
atributos de informação registados e disponíveis por sítio são os seguintes:</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">CNS:
Código Nacional de Sítio Arqueológico</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Designação</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tipo de
sítio</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Distrito</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Concelho</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Freguesia</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Longitude
(truncada com erro de cerca ±500-600m)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Latitude
(truncada com erro de cerca ±500-600m)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Períodos
de ocupação (Lista)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Descrição</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Meio</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Acesso</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Espólio</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Depositários</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Classificação</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Conservação</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Processos
Administrativos</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Número
de trabalhos arqueológicos</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Número
de referências bibliográficas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ano
inicial fontes arqueológicas e bibliográficas</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ano
final idem</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Trabalhos
Arqueológicos (Lista): Tipo de trabalho|Ano| Objectivos|Resultados | Responsável</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Bibliografia
(Lista): Título|Ano|Autor|Edição</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">É assim
uma base de dado de sítios, em que o elemento relacional explícito se reduz às
referências de trabalhos arqueológicos e de bibliografia. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Limitações do esquema/modelo da
base de dados</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">As
limitações mais evidentes deste esquema/modelo de dados são as seguintes: </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A
relação dos períodos com os sítios não é explícita, sendo realizada por
enumerações informais; </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">O tipo
de sítio é independente da periodização, isto é, o modelo não contempla a
existência formal de tipos diferentes/específicos de sítio em épocas distintas
para um mesmo sítio arqueológico.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">O
thesaurus da nomenclatura de tipos de sítio não é nem consistente nem
hierarquizado. Abundam nas designações de período as formas irregulares, assim
como comentários e interrogações cuja possibilidade formal é omissa no modelo. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A
designação do sítio é usada para definir, de modo não normalizado, aspectos
estruturados da identificação do sítio não contemplados no modelo: enumerações
específicas, moradas urbanas, período arqueológico, etc. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A
descrição dos vestígios não apresenta qualquer estruturação nem um léxico
normalizado, dividindo-se além disso aleatoriamente por dois campos (descrição
e espólio). Esta limitação é a mais grave pois condiciona seriamente toda a
análise espacial dos vestígios e, mais notoriamente, uma avaliação independente
dos critérios de classificação dos sítios. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Em
síntese, as manifestas limitações do modelo de dados levam os actualizadores da
base de dados a utilizar "esquemas" informais para contornar essas limitações,
baseados em construções livres de texto inconsistentes entre si e não
validadas.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">-----------------------</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> *ex Instituto Português de Arqueologia/IGESPAR</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-74438675527239052362012-07-10T14:09:00.004+00:002012-07-18T11:17:51.313+00:00Bibliografia: cultura material da Antiguidade Romana<div class="mbs uiHeaderSubTitle lfloat fsm fwn fcg">
<span class="timelineUnitContainer"></span></div>
Mais
uma bibliografia instantânea, que pretende ser uma introdução séria à
cultura material do mundo romano.<br />
Dirige-se a gente diferenciada
provinda de outras áreas de formação e exclui tanto obras de introdução
básica como as destinadas apenas a especialistas.<br />
<br />
A
selecção é escandalosamente subjectiva, tendo em conta preferências
pessoais, a disponibilidade imediata e o objectivo de apresentar apenas
um título de cada assunto, o que nem sempre foi possível.<br />
É o caso
extremo da temática militar, com um número exagerado de títulos devido à
parcelização editorial. Quase todos os títulos indicados poderiam ser
acompanhados por diversas alternativas.<br />
<br />
É organizada por
temas, em que os graus de detalhe e de complexidade estão longe de ser
homogéneos e em que o conteúdo nem sempre se restringe ao "mundo
material".<br />
As referências indicadas com (%) são mais especializadas do
que se pretendia, devido à ausência de alternativas mais generalistas na
minha muito limitada biblioteca.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>ECONOMIA</b><br />
<i>The Archaeology of the Roman Economy</i>; Greene, Kevin; University of California Press, Berkley, 1990<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/577175_497387080286687_480954726_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>AGRICULTURA</b><br />
<i>Roman Farming</i>; White, K. D.; Thames and Hudson; London, 1970<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/523539_497387176953344_681493273_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>TRANSPORTES E NAVEGAÇÃO</b><br />
<i> The Roads of the Romans</i>; Staccioli, Romolo; "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, Roma, 2003<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/282374_497387343619994_2090593623_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Ships and Seafaring in Ancient Times</i>; Casson, Lionel; British Museum Press, London, 1994<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/564069_497387476953314_798766061_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>TECNOLOGIA E ENGENHARIA</b><br />
<i>The Oxford Handobook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World</i>; Ed: Oleson, John; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008 (%)<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/482093_497387590286636_1539622910_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Building. Materials and Techniques</i>; Adam, Jean-Pierre; Routledge, London, 2001 (%)<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/484090_497387726953289_1119712880_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>ARQUITECTURA, URBANISMO</b><br />
<i>Roman Architecture</i>; Ward-Perkins, John; Electa, Milano, 1979<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/255277_497390036953058_1403600658_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Public Buildings</i>; Ed: Barton, Ian; University of Exeter Press, Exeter, 1995<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/488079_497388376953224_533238770_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Housing</i>; Ellis, Simon; Duckworth, London, 2002<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/480619_497388420286553_1133843984_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Domestic Buildings</i>, Ed: Barton, Ian; University of Exeter Press, Exeter, 1996<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-c.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/528239_497388460286549_271327109_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>The Roman Villa. An Historical Introduction</i>; Percival, John; Book Club Associates, London, 1981<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/314812_497388516953210_27217656_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>The City in the Roman West c. 250 BC- c. AD 250</i>; Laurence, Ray & Cleary, Simon & Sears, Gareth; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/252781_497388540286541_659270870_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>MUNDO FUNERÁRIO</b><br />
<i>Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity</i>; Morris, Ian; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992 (%)<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/309462_497390276953034_525533304_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>MUNDO MILITAR</b><br />
<i>Roman Military Equipment</i>, Bishop, M. & Coulston, J.; Shire Publications, Aylesbury (Bucks), 1989<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/486558_497390450286350_1660599881_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Early Roman Armies</i>; Sekunda, Nick & Northwood, Simon & Hook, Richard, Osprey, London, 1995<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/523548_497576726934389_879865754_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Hannibal's War with Rome. The Armies and Campaigns 216 BC</i>; Wise, Terence & Healy, Mark; Osprey, London, 1999<br />
<i><span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/528033_497576860267709_1743353449_a.jpg" /></span></i><br />
<br />
<i>Republican Roman Army. 200-104 BC</i>; Sekunda, Nick & MacBride, Angus; Osprey, London, 1996<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/293150_497577063601022_1667337849_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan</i>; Simkins, Michael & Embleton, Ron; Osprey, London, 1984<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/382488_497577190267676_1471282_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Guardians of the Empire (The Praetorian Guard)</i>; Rankov, Boris & Hook, Richard; Osprey, London, 1994<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/252606_497577733600955_460865715_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>The Roman Army from Hadrian to Constantine</i>; Simkins, Michael & Embleton, Ronald; Osprey, London, 1979<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/529354_497577523600976_1593285742_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Twilight of the Empire. The Roman Infantryman. 3rd to 6th Century AD</i>; MacDowall, Simon & Embleton, Gerry, Ospray<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/523731_497577896934272_924286850_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Romano-Byzantine Armies. 4th-9th centuries</i>; Nicolle, David & McBride, Angus; Osprey, London, 1992<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/165957_497578066934255_804454914_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>TIPOS ESPECÍFICOS DE ARTEFACTOS</b><br />
<i>Artefacts in Roman Britain. Their Purpose and Use</i>; Ed: Allason-Jones, Lindsay; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/544383_497390333619695_161160620_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Understanding Roman Inscription</i><b>s</b>; Keppie, Lawrence; John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-c.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/391463_497390386953023_1409254090_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Pottery</i>; Greene, Kevin; British Museum Press, London, 1992 <br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/480489_497390536953008_1253846088_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<i>Pottery in the Roman world. An ethnoarchaeological approach</i>; Peackock, D.P.S.; Longman, London, 1982 (%)<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/487965_497543423604386_9816806_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman History from Coins</i>; Howgego, Christopher; Routledge, London, 2005<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/391318_497390596953002_1507820072_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>Roman Clothing and Fashion</i>, Croom, A. T.; Tempus Publishing, Stroud (Gloucs), 2002<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/484614_497390633619665_931537047_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>ARTE</b><br />
<i>Roman Art</i>; Ramage, Nancy & Ramage, Andrew; 5th Ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, N.J., 2009<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/166029_497390716952990_552810704_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<i>A History of Roman Art, Enhanced Edition</i>; Kleiner, Fred; Wadsworth, Boston, 2010<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/599412_497390763619652_1900642960_a.jpg" /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>BRIC-À-BRAC</b><br />
<i>Dictionnaire des antiquités romaines et grecque</i><b>s</b>; Rich, Anthony; Payot & Rivages, Paris, 1995<br />
<span class="photo_center"><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="http://photos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/524260_497390796952982_751078729_a.jpg" /></span>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-29458828475221177662012-05-16T15:45:00.000+00:002012-10-30T23:49:31.483+00:00Geografia Religiosa<div class="mbl notesBlogText clearfix">
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PCHGPhErSDA/UJBm0T3g6vI/AAAAAAAABfI/uGako3_T3yM/s1600/relig+total.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<b>Assimetrias regionais dos cultos em Portugal Continental, através da toponímia das dedicações e dos atributos de âmbito religioso</b>.<br />
<br />
<i>Experimentação para um eventual estudo, se houver interesse.</i><br />
<br />
Uma
das temáticas mais interessantes e promissoras em Geografia Histórica é
o estudo da toponímia de âmbito religioso, como indicador fundamental
das assimetrias histórico-religiosas do território nacional.<br />
<br />
A
toponímia não esgota a realidade da geografia religiosa, nomeadamente a
multiplicidade das dedicações e locais de culto sem expressão
toponímica. Ela traduz porém os seus aspectos mais significativos,
consolidados historicamente através da sua atribuição a nomes de lugar.<br />
<br />
Existe
uma enorme assimetria regional na densidade de topónimos em Portugal
Continental, que reflecte a correspondente assimetria na densidade e
dispersão do povoamento entre c. 1700 e c. 1970.<br />
Nos estudos de geografia toponímica os indicadores devem portanto ser corrigidos dessa assimetria.<br />
O
modo mais simples de o fazer é relativizar o número de topónimos em
estudo, dividindo-o pelo número total de topónimos existentes na mesma
área territorial.<br />
Para o efeito pode definir-se uma quadrícula
convencional (15x15km no presente caso), sobre a qual se calcula a razão
das contagens de topónimos existente em cada célula, sem corrigir para
já os casos aberrantes que surgem nas zonas de fronteira.<br />
É o método mais primitivo de representação cartográfica de densidades locais, mas que não perde eficácia interpretativa.<br />
<br />
O
mapa 1 revela um fenómeno já intuído: que a toponímia religiosa é
significativamente mais importante no norte "neo-godo" do que no sul
"moçárabe" relativamente ao total de topónimos, reflectindo a menor
importância cultural do fenómeno religioso no Sul, apesar da sua maior
relevância (esperada e verificada) na áreas de capitalidade
administrativa, que se constituíram como centros de concentração de colonização e de poder central.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PCHGPhErSDA/UJBm0T3g6vI/AAAAAAAABfI/uGako3_T3yM/s1600/relig+total.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PCHGPhErSDA/UJBm0T3g6vI/AAAAAAAABfI/uGako3_T3yM/s1600/relig+total.JPG" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mapa 1. Topónimos de âmbito religioso (totais) relativamente ao total de topónimos</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Os mapas 2 e 3 revelam que os cultos Marianos e hagiológicos totais estão difundidos espacialmente por todo o país.<br />
A
base do cálculo é a totalidade dos topónimos associáveis a entidades
religiosas de índole sobrenatural (por oposição a entidades
institucionais, étnicas e pessoais, que são excluídas). Apesar disso o
culto dos santos continua a ser absolutamente dominante, sobretudo no
Sul, onde os ganhos significativos do "marianismo" ortodoxo pós-trentino
não foram suficientes para o destronar.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MEwFvVOSrMk/UJBmyBxzvpI/AAAAAAAABfA/6jaJ1IPmuTQ/s1600/mariano+total.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MEwFvVOSrMk/UJBmyBxzvpI/AAAAAAAABfA/6jaJ1IPmuTQ/s1600/mariano+total.JPG" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mapa 2. Topónimos de âmbito religioso (entidades e atributos sobrenaturais) com dedicação ou atributo Mariânico</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ndLGNlooLd8/UJBmvoItCkI/AAAAAAAABew/dE0UcHk_V24/s1600/hagio+total.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ndLGNlooLd8/UJBmvoItCkI/AAAAAAAABew/dE0UcHk_V24/s1600/hagio+total.JPG" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mapa 3. Topónimos de âmbito religioso (entidades e atributos sobrenaturais) com dedicação ou atributo hagiográfico</span><br />
<br />
Com a mesma base, o mapa 4, revela porém que os cultos cristológicos pertencem esmagadormente à matriz cultural do Norte.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J5ZazssJwCU/UJBmuWNkSoI/AAAAAAAABeo/JOMsuwDCZ-8/s1600/cristo-total.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J5ZazssJwCU/UJBmuWNkSoI/AAAAAAAABeo/JOMsuwDCZ-8/s1600/cristo-total.JPG" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mapa 4. Topónimos de âmbito religioso (entidades e atributos sobrenaturais) com dedicação ou atributo Cristológico</span><br />
<br />
Ainda
com a mesma base, o mapa 5 revela que os cultos aquáticos de raiz
naturalista têm pelo contrário um maior peso no Sul, o que está de
acordo com o que se conhece da tradição moçárabe-islâmica existente até
c. 1500.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8D6yq2pJbIs/UJBmw2fMlRI/AAAAAAAABe4/0s2UQh3sfFM/s1600/map-hidro.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8D6yq2pJbIs/UJBmw2fMlRI/AAAAAAAABe4/0s2UQh3sfFM/s1600/map-hidro.JPG" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mapa
5. Topónimos de âmbito religoso (entidades e atributos sobrenaturais)
com corónimo ou corótipo extra-linguístico associado a recurso
hidrográfico</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Fontes primárias</b><br />
<i>Topónimos</i><br />
- Reportório Toponímico de Portugal (versão digital em CD), IGEOE, Lisboa, 1999. Dados não corrigidos<br />
<i>Base geográfica (mapa de Portugal Continental)</i><br />
- Limites concelhios e nacionais, orografia e hidrografia fundamentais: IGEOE, s/d.<br />
- Limites histórico-linguísticos da expansão meridional do galaico-português (<i>proxi</i>
da divisão geográfica entre "O Norte" e "O Sul"). "Estudos de
Dialectologia Portuguesa"; L. Lindley Cintra, Sá da Costa, Lisboa, 1983.</div>
</div>
Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-19636563923128848262012-04-09T15:51:00.001+00:002012-07-18T11:18:29.395+00:00Gravura de Tavira do século XVII<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Gravura de Tavira, de autor
desconhecido do século XVII</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Notas para o <i>Atlas Histórico de Tavira</i> </span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Este texto é um esboço incompleto
do estudo desta fonte iconográfica, a incorporar no <b><i>Atlas Histórico de Tavira.</i></b> O plano desta obra pode ver-se neste blog, aqui: </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2010/09/atlas-historico-de-tavira.html">Atlas Histórico de Tavira</a>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Hw1kAiudqPk/T4L2OKfr1tI/AAAAAAAAA0w/mo-NfJRdW24/s1600/tav-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Hw1kAiudqPk/T4L2OKfr1tI/AAAAAAAAA0w/mo-NfJRdW24/s640/tav-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Caption1"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Imagem de Tavira. Séc. XVII.</span></b></span><span class="Caption1"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <br /><i>Panorama.</i> Jornal Literário e Instrutivo
da Sociedade Propagadora de Conhecimentos Úteis, 2ª Série, vol. 2, nº 80,
Julho, 8, 1843</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura é uma
"quase-paisagem", em que certos elementos são representados com
dimensões desproporcionadas ou fora da sua posição real para caberem no
enquadramento, e em que o casario secundário é reduzido em número e
simplificado na forma.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">O único estudo que conheço sobre
a gravura é da autoria de António Sebastião e Silva (CGST)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span></a>. <br />Nunca foi feita uma abordagem analítica sistemática, sem dúvida por não se conhecerem outras
representações urbanas suficientemente próximas ou com alçados comparáveis. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Esta situação alterou-se
radicalmente com a revelação da planta de Leonardo de Ferrari (FERR) e do
"Borrão do alçado de Tavira" de José de Sande Vasconcelos (BAT),
ambas previamente desconhecidas pelos estudiosos da história urbana de Tavira.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Estudo analítico</span></b></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Esse estudo analítico – de que
aqui se apresenta uma primeira versão – fica porém muito facilitado a partir
das referidas plantas e de um "modelo digital de terreno" do espaço
urbano actual. <br />
A sua realização é um exercício didáctico elementar de geografia histórica
urbana, cujo enunciado se pode estabelecer do seguinte modo:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Identificação
prévia dos elementos da gravura que servem de marcadores de paisagem</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Determinação
do ponto de tirada da vista</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Ajustamento
e sobreposição da cartografia mais próxima no tempo à gravura</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Avaliação do
rigor topográfico da gravura</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Sistematização
dos elementos urbanísticos identificados</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Estimativa
de um intervalo de datação da gravura, a partir da datação de elementos já aí representados mas omissos em FERR, com base em fontes documentais e estudos
específicos</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- </span><span style="font-size: small;">Contribuições
específicas da gravura para o conhecimento da arquitectura e da forma urbana</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Aqui tratarei apenas sumariamente
de alguns destes pontos.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Marcadores de
paisagem e pontos de tomada de vista</span></b></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A figura seguinte mostra a selecção de marcadores de paisagem
(identificados segundo uma numeração arbitrária sistematicamente usada neste
estudo: ver lista mais adiante) e a sua implantação no espaço topográfico real. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A planta é de um modelo digital de terreno com uma resolução altimétrica de 1m.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Mostra também os alinhamentos dos marcadores da paisagem
percepcionados segundo a sequência visual e a profundidade visual da gravura, idealmente
convergentes para pontos únicos de tomada de vista, definidos pela sua
intersecção.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rVeba4hIJlI/T4L6q8KLoTI/AAAAAAAAA1Q/fSBfRjvkspM/s1600/tav-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rVeba4hIJlI/T4L6q8KLoTI/AAAAAAAAA1Q/fSBfRjvkspM/s400/tav-8.jpg" width="377" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Planta e modelo digital de terreno da área urbana de Tavura, com marcadores de paisagem, alinhamentos e pontos de tomada de vista da gravura</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">O ponto de tomada de vista principal da gravura assim
definido (designado por A) situa-se num pontal planáltico sobreelevado sobre
todo o vale do Gilão, hoje situado a sul da Rua de Miraflores, junto ao
logradouro/largo da Rua Brigadeiro Eduardo José dos Santos. Este ponto de vista
define o plano de visão da gravura, paralelo ao eixo do rio.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Os alinhamentos e a sequência visual são quase perfeitos
e sistemáticos para todos os marcadores de paisagem seleccionados, com excepção
dos eixos da Rua da Porta Nova e da Carreira de S. Lázaro, que surgem
grandemente distorcidos no conjunto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">O alinhamento e sequência visual destes eixos
extemporâneos correspondem na realidade, não a um erro de desenho, mas sim a um
segundo ponto de tomada de vista (assinalado como B). A ponte surge como
charneira comum entre ambas as perspectivas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Tudo indica assim que a gravura se obteve pela composição
de elementos de ambos os pontos de tomada de vista, com grande predominância do
primeiro.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Implantação e sobreposição da gravura na
planta de Ferrari</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HOMWn8zMQDU/T4L5vcfsiII/AAAAAAAAA04/zLnXA_Rhwko/s1600/tav-1.5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HOMWn8zMQDU/T4L5vcfsiII/AAAAAAAAA04/zLnXA_Rhwko/s640/tav-1.5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1 - Modelo
da planta original de Leonardo de Ferrari (c. 1555) <i>cf.</i> FERR.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-teh02KCVBmw/T4L6Dk3RaFI/AAAAAAAAA1A/4dHuNd1kjkI/s1600/tav-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-teh02KCVBmw/T4L6Dk3RaFI/AAAAAAAAA1A/4dHuNd1kjkI/s640/tav-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">2 - Modelo
da mesma planta rodada e perspectivada de modo a corresponder aproximadamente
ao ângulo de visão da gravura</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DiRB64AuzMk/T4L6ZIJTCbI/AAAAAAAAA1I/wX-RUoIk5Rg/s1600/tav-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DiRB64AuzMk/T4L6ZIJTCbI/AAAAAAAAA1I/wX-RUoIk5Rg/s640/tav-3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">3- Modelo
da mesma planta distorcida para se ajustar aproximadamente à gravura.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Erros</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura só é conhecida
através de uma litografia publicada em 1843, em época anterior à reprodução
fotográfica generalizada. Não é possível portanto saber-se se alguns erros de
omissão e simplificação são originais ou devidos a erros da cópia manual para a
matriz litográfica</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura apresenta sete erros
mais ou menos evidentes:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>A ermida da
Senhora do Loreto e as casas nobres que a incluem são omissas. As casas já são representadas em FERR (e a ermida já existe em 1573, aquando da visita de D. Sebastião à cidade) e o conjunto é destruídas apenas
em 1888. A sua omissão na gravura só se compreende por erro de desenho.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>A ponte tem
uma dimensão desproporcionada e está sobreelevada relativamente ao rio</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>O castelo
tem uma altura desmesurada. Todo o andar superior abaluartado é imaginário</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>As torres da
cerca da Graça e, sobretudo, o torreão manuelino da porta "nova" da
Bela Fria estão sobredimensionados, sobretudo em altura.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>A muralha
almóada entre o muro albarrã da Porta do Mar e a Porta da Vila não está representado,
sendo substituído por casas fantasiosas</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>A qualidade
artística dos alpendres e arcada das casas da Câmara junto à Alfândega é má,
permitindo apenas adivinhar os arcos a quem saiba da sua existência por outras
fontes. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">- <span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Tendência
para a distorção "abaluartada" das paredes verticais: é o caso
manifestamente exagerado da ponte e do castelo e, em menor grau, da torre do
mar e da capela ameada da Igreja de Sant'Ana</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Tudo o resto parece ser aceitavelmente
rigoroso dentro do esquematismo simplificado seguido, quer quanto às posições
relativas na paisagem quer quanto aos detalhes arquitectónicos dos edifícios
mais notáveis. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Sistematização dos elementos
arquitectónicos identificados</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span></div>
<ol>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Convento das
Bernardas</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Igreja de S.
Sebastião</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Convento de
S. Francisco</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Castelo</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Igreja de Santa
Maria</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Convento da
Graça</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Torre Norte
da Cerca da Graça (muralha medieval almóada)</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Igreja de S.
Roque</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Casa de Vaz
Velho</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pelames</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Torre
manuelina da porta da Bela Fria</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Barbacã
manuelina</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Palácio da
Galeria</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Torre e Porta
do Mar</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Praça da
Ribeira</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Alfândega:
edifícios e terreiro</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Horta do Rei
e Horta do Bispo</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Edifícios
singulares</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Ponte</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Igreja de S.
Lázaro</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Porta Nova</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Igreja da
Sra. da Ajuda e Convento de S. Paulo</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Largo da
Alagoa</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Igreja de
Sant'Ana</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Rua Direita
do Corpo Santo</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Rua do Sapal</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Estrada para
Castro Marim (Carreira de S. Lázaro)</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Rua da Porta
Nova</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Estrada do
Cano para Faro</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Rua do Sapal
de Sant'Ana. Caminho para Vale Formoso</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Rua do Alto
do Cano e estrada de Loulé</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Rua da Praia
da Ribeira (Porto de Tavira)</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Adro da
Porta da Vila</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Largo/Terreiro
da Corredouras</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span>Torre do
canto Noroeste da cerca da Graça </span></li>
</ol>
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<i><span style="font-size: small;"> <b>Tipos de elementos</b></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">A Casas
conventuais</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">B Igrejas
e ermidas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">C Fortificações
medievais: castelo e muralhas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">D Portas e
cercas fiscais pós-medievais</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">F Casas
particulares notáveis </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">G Hortas e
campos agrícolas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">H Largos e
Terreiros</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">I Edifícios de comércio e administração local</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">J Edifícios de manufacturas (curtumes)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">K Eixos de arruamentos e limites de largos</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">O sobredimensionamento</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">O
sobredimensionamento referido atribui um estilo "maneirista" á gravura, em que o desenhador aumenta
selectivamente os principais símbolos urbanísticos de prestígio da povoação: a
ponte, que é o <i>ex-libris</i> da cidade, e
a fortificação medieval, cujo valor é porém meramente simbólico visto ser já
completamente anacrónica na época.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A ponte </span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">(Nº 19)</span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura mostra a ponte antes da sua grande reconstrução
de 1655-57, que criou a estrutura que permanece até hoje nos seus traços
fundamentais (<span lang="EN-US">TST1, 300-1).</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Okx5qkDKCA/T4L7PacqomI/AAAAAAAAA1Y/p2u2iL5McO8/s1600/ponte-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Okx5qkDKCA/T4L7PacqomI/AAAAAAAAA1Y/p2u2iL5McO8/s320/ponte-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">O grande gigante ou quebra-mar
central representado na gravura e em FERR, é interpretado por Sebastião e Silva
como tendo tido inicialmente um carácter fortificado (FPT, 141).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">As "casas" que aí
existiram segundo Sarrão (em 1607: SARR, 166) terão tido uma existência efémera
pois ainda não existem em FERR e já não sobrevivem na gravura. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Na gravura, os talhamares bem
evidentes em FERR conseguem individualizar-se com alguma dificuldade. Os dois primeiros
arcos da margem esquerda não estão representados, tapados pela perspectiva do
casario. Correndo o risco de sobreinterpretar o desenho muito esquemático
parece que o 6º arco, mais próximo da margem pode ter sido sobreelevado,
possivelmente para permitir a passagem de barcas de maior calado.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Na reconstrução dos dois pilares
aluídos do lado sul (nº 4 e nº 5) o arquitecto decidiu também arrasar o antigo
gigante (nº 3), reconstruindo-o de novo e acrescentando mais um arco e um pilar
do lado Sul, diminuindo assim os respectivos vãos. Todos os novos pilares têm a
forma de castelejo, sendo o 3º ligeiramente maior – provavelmente com uma
dimensão semelhante ao original. É fácil distingui-los, comparando a ponte de
FERR com a planta da ponte actual.</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NKU3m8bu03o/T4L7XO8eMhI/AAAAAAAAA1g/vgoPxgcIXvE/s1600/ponte-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NKU3m8bu03o/T4L7XO8eMhI/AAAAAAAAA1g/vgoPxgcIXvE/s400/ponte-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Plantas da Ponte aproximadamente na mesma escala e orientação.<br />Em c. 1555 (FERR), c. 1798 (BAT) e na actualidade (<i>Monumentos Nacionais</i>)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">O castelo </span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">(Nº 4)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A representação do
castelo ultrapassa o simples exagero dimensional: acima do nível real das ameias (bem perceptível na
gravura e muito mais baixo do que as torres da Igreja de Santa Maria) o autor
inventa uma extensão abaluartada e ameada, em que duas das torres se
representam com telhados sobrepostos (um de quatro águas e um de duas águas!).</span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tDm-obh0U/T4L81JtAsWI/AAAAAAAAA1w/qvqEzUcV8lw/s1600/castelo-igreja-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tDm-obh0U/T4L81JtAsWI/AAAAAAAAA1w/qvqEzUcV8lw/s640/castelo-igreja-1.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Alinhamento comparativo aproximado do Castelo e Igreja de Santa Maria.<br />Em c .1555 (FERR), na gravura e em c. 1798 (BAT)</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tUn0i6KI7uo/T4L8gyHgVXI/AAAAAAAAA1o/DRRh_V9HfBA/s1600/castel-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tUn0i6KI7uo/T4L8gyHgVXI/AAAAAAAAA1o/DRRh_V9HfBA/s320/castel-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Relação altimétrica real entre o Castelo e a Igreja de Santa Maria</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura, para além de uma base
realista indiscutível, pretende difundir uma mensagem de poderio defensivo, tão
simbólico quanto anacrónico. Porém, a própria realização da gravura e a
invenção do castelo poderão corresponder a um projecto de reconstrução da
fortaleza, no sentido de a tornar de novo eficaz no contexto militar da época. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Esta necessidade premente e
generalizada colocou-se, como se sabe, ao recém-restaurado Estado português
após 1640, o que permitiria datar a gravura logo a seguir à Restauração, isto
é, a partir de 1641.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Elementos urbanos
que surgem pela primeira vez na gravura</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A gravura mostra uma série de elementos que ainda não
existiam na planta de Ferrari, sendo portanto posteriores a ela:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
Nº 6: </span>Edifícios
novos do convento da Graça, iniciados em 1569 e concluídos já no séc. XVII.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
Nº 22: </span>Convento de
S. Paulo, concluído c. 1605.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Nº 5: Torre
sineira da igreja de Santa Maria (a da esquerda na gravura), de data por mim desconhecida. Fica por
esclarecer em que medida esta data poderá contribuir para avançar o limite <i>post quem </i>do intervalo de datação da
gravura. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Nº 21: Porta Nova,
provavelmente coeva da porta do Malforo, já existente em 1573.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Nº 13: Fachada
nobre do Palácio da Galeria, já existente em 1635</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2].</span></span></a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;">
<i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">As casas de Câmara</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> (Nº 16)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A representação das "casas da Câmara", arcada e
alpendres junto à Alfândega revela a ausência de telhados sobre os referidos
alpendres, assim como a ausência de um piso superior.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />A casa do lado do rio –
dos antigos açougues – parece estar também parcialmente destelhada. <br />Como já
disse, os arcos não são explícitos para quem não conheça a sua existência, o
que constitui uma dos pontos fracos do desenho.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Tendo em conta a fidelidade geral dos detalhes nos demais
edifícios notáveis, é difícil aceitar que o "destelhamento" seja um
erro do desenho (embora tal seja obviamente possível, pois o desenhador
"esqueceu-se" das casas do Loreto!).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">A alternativa mais
provável é tratar-se de facto de uma representação fidedigna, de uma fase de obras
notórias de reparação/reconstrução dos edifícios. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />Tal permitiria datá-las numa
data imediatamente anterior a 1645, altura em que as casas sobre os alpendres
(já com piso superior) são usadas como aposentadoria do Corregedor, sendo essa
a razão mais plausível para a realização das obras.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r7iGlaZqsAg/T4L-XtfQcHI/AAAAAAAAA2I/E5Opr9VKetI/s1600/pra%C3%A7a-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="596" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r7iGlaZqsAg/T4L-XtfQcHI/AAAAAAAAA2I/E5Opr9VKetI/s640/pra%C3%A7a-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Datação</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Em conclusão, a datação mais provável da gravura é, em
graus crescentes de precisão mas também de incerteza:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Primeira
metade do século XVII</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Entre 1605 e
1645, sempre antes de 1657.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> - O intervalo
pode ser encurtado tentativamente para 1641-45, considerando o que acima foi
dito sobre o eventual projecto de modernização da fortaleza posterior à
Restauração portuguesa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Elementos
arquitectónicos inéditos</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Abside
ameado da igreja de Sant'Ana (Nº 24)</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Casa de Vaz
Velho (Nº 9).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> -<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Edifícios
singulares junto ao porto (Nº 18), ainda inexistentes em c. 1555 (FERR) e já
omissos em c. 1797 (BAT).</span><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<b>Comparação muda de elementos urbanísticos seleccionados</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Comparação gráfica de elementos urbanos da gravura com as respectivas plantas e alçados nas cartas de Leonardo de Ferrari (c. 1555) e Sande de Vasconcelos (c. 1798). A explicação e a sinalização das alterações relevantes, decorrentes da evolução histórica dos locais, serão incluídas numa versão posterior. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Em c .1555 (FERR), na gravura e em c. 1798 (BAT)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V46Rd3iER7s/T4L9fTpct3I/AAAAAAAAA14/al-aTf5DPck/s1600/bernardas.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V46Rd3iER7s/T4L9fTpct3I/AAAAAAAAA14/al-aTf5DPck/s640/bernardas.jpg" width="640" /></a><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Conventos das Bernardas (Nº 1)</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r7iGlaZqsAg/T4L-XtfQcHI/AAAAAAAAA2I/E5Opr9VKetI/s1600/pra%C3%A7a-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8H4tBYO8p1g/T4L9q-6I65I/AAAAAAAAA2A/uDeC35KXPhg/s1600/s+francisco-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8H4tBYO8p1g/T4L9q-6I65I/AAAAAAAAA2A/uDeC35KXPhg/s640/s+francisco-1.jpg" width="640" /></a><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Convento de S. Francisco (Nº 3)</span></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MavjT8zvHes/T4MBN9NncAI/AAAAAAAAA2o/waUgr1X_6QQ/s1600/Santana-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MavjT8zvHes/T4MBN9NncAI/AAAAAAAAA2o/waUgr1X_6QQ/s1600/Santana-1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Igreja de Sant´Ana (Nº 24)</span></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v23MacJMfdQ/T4L_EWlazAI/AAAAAAAAA2Q/Bcd_txbmBhk/s1600/torre-mar-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v23MacJMfdQ/T4L_EWlazAI/AAAAAAAAA2Q/Bcd_txbmBhk/s640/torre-mar-1.jpg" width="594" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Porta e Torre do Mar (Nº 14) e Adro da Porta da Vila (Nº 33)</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ws0llcq8SUk/T4MA8w3x3DI/AAAAAAAAA2g/sOL0uc6CNCg/s1600/cerca-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ws0llcq8SUk/T4MA8w3x3DI/AAAAAAAAA2g/sOL0uc6CNCg/s320/cerca-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Torre da Porta "Nova" da Bela Fria (Nº 11) e torres da cerca da Graça (Nº 7 e Nº 35)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Bibliografia</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">ACA Catarina Almeida Marado, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antigos Conventos do Algarve. Um percurso
pelo património da Região</i>, Colibri, Lisboa, 2006</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">BAT José Sande de Vasconcelos: ver neste
blog Alçado da Planta de Tavira. Finais séc. XVIII http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2010/01/alcado-da-planta-de-tavira-finais-sec.html</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">CGST António Sebastião e Silva, "
Considerações sobre a gravura seiscentista de Tavira" in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tavira do Neolítico ao Século XX. Actas das
II Jornadas de História, Clube de Tavira</i>, Tavira, 1993; pp. 135-143.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">CNSG Daniel Santana, "O convento de Nossa
Senhora da Graça de Tavira", <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monnumentos</i>,
14, D.G.E.M.N., Lisboa, 2001, 124-133.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">CRA Frei João de São José, "Corografia
do Reino do Algarve", 1577, in DDA21-132.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">DDA Manuel Viegas Guerreiro e Joaquim Romero
Magalhães (Edição, estudo e notas), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Duas
descrições do Algarve do Século XVI</i>, Sá de Costa, Cadernos da Revista de
História Económica e Social, 3, Lisboa, 1983 </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">FERR Leonardo de Ferrari: ver neste blog Uma
planta inédita de Tavira, do séc. XVI http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2008/04/uma-planta-indita-de-tavira-do-sc-xvi.html</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">FPT António Sebastião e Silva, "As
Fortificações Pós-Medievais em Tavira", in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Actas das III Jornadas de História, Clube de Tavira</i>, Tavira, 1997;
pp. 207.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">HRA Henriques Fernandes Sarrão,
"História do Reino do Algarve", 1607, in DDA, 133-170.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">JAA João Cascão, (Ed., estudo e notas de
Francisco de Sales Loureiro), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uma Jornada
ao Alentejo e ao Algarve</i> (1573), Livros Horizonte, Lisboa, 1984.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">NHT Damião A. de Brito Vasconcelos, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Notícias Históricas de Tavira. 1242/1840</i>,
(Notas de Arnaldo Casimiro Anica), Câmara Municipal, Tavira, 1989 (1937).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">NNHT Arnaldo Casimiro Anica, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Notas</i> in NHT, 1989</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">TST1 Arnaldo Casimiro Anica, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tavira e o seu Termo. Memorando Histórico</i>,
Câmara Municipal, Tavira, 1993</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">TST2 Arnaldo Casimiro Anica, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tavira e o seu Termo. Memorando Histórico.
Volume II,</i> Câmara Municipal, Tavira, 2001</span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>Estudo inovador na
altura, quando a historiografia do urbanismo tavirense tinha ainda um carácter
notoriamente pré-científico, com opiniões que o autor rebate justamente, caso a
caso. Muitas das suas ilações, assim como a sua aceitação literal das
representações, já não podem porém ser aceites hoje.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span>TST1, p. 286: Data de
1635 a doação das "casas da Calçada que vai de Santa Maria para a Fonte, à
mão esquerda" pela viúva de Luis de Aragão de Sousa ao seu filho.</span></div>
</div>
</div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-62501625971916118952012-03-19T02:17:00.001+00:002012-05-07T10:45:41.737+00:00Notas sobre a geografia do subúrbio oriental de Ossonoba<br />
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
</h1>
<h1 style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">A
propósito de uma necrópole romana recentemente descoberta em Faro (Algarve, Portugal)</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">RESUMO</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: small;">No trabalho aqui apresentado, a necrópole romana
recentemente descoberta junto à pista de atletismo de Faro é integrada no
contexto topográfico da sua época. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Conclui-se que se situava a meio caminho do
eixo de acesso directo entre uma aglomeração ribeirinha de certa importância
que lhe é coeva (Garganta-Amendoal) e a principal via oriental da cidade (via <i>Ossonoba-Balsa</i>).</span><br />
<br />
Tratar-se-á de mais um exemplo, muito comum, de uma necrópole de gente
modesta localizada a uma certa distância (c. 250m) do povoado a que
pertenciam, num dos seus acessos principais.<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">O ponto de junção com a via
corresponde a um <i>trivium</i> suburbano cuja
memória religiosa se prolongou até à dominação portuguesa, graças a renovação
católica do culto viário.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Tudo indica assim que a zona
escavada corresponde a uma parte da necrópole norte da referida aglomeração,
cujo tipo corográfico permanece no entanto duvidoso: ou uma <i>villa</i> marítima suburbana; ou então uma
aglomeração portuária especializada na qual existiu uma <i>domus </i>senhorial numa cronologia romana tardia (séc. III e sobretudo
IV).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Este estudo é parte de um projecto de reconstituição da ocupação romana entre </span><i style="color: #cc0000;">Ossonoba</i><span style="color: #cc0000;"> e </span><i style="color: #cc0000;">Balsa</i><span style="color: #cc0000;">, que integrará uma monografia sobre Marim Romano, em preparação. Uma versão mais antiga dessa reconstituição pode ser vista</span> <a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/alg-romano/marim2/index.html" style="background-color: blue;">aqui</a>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">ABSTRACT</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN"><b>Notes on the geography of the eastern suburb of the Roman town of Ossonoba (Lusitania,
Hispania Ulterior). </b><br /><b>Regarding a recently discovered necropolis in Faro (Algarve, Portugal).</b></span></i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: small;">In the present study, the recently discovered Roman necropolis near the athletics
stadium in the city of Faro (old Roman <i>Ossonoba</i>)
is set in the spatial context of its time.<br />
<br />
It is concluded that the necropolis stood halfway through the axis of direct
access between a contemporary riverside agglomeration of some importance (Amendoal-Garganta)
and the main Roman road eastward of the city (from <i>Ossonoba to Balsa</i>).<br />
<br />
This placement is interpreted as an instance of the (very common) spatial
configuration of a necropolis of modest people located at a distance (c. 250m) from
the settlement to which they belonged, in one of its main road accesses.<br />
<br />
The junction with the main road corresponds to a suburban <i>trivium </i>whose religious memory lasted until (and through) the Portuguese
domination (from the 2nd. half of the 13th century), thanks to the Catholic
renewal of the travelers cult.<br />
<br />
While it seems unproblematic that the excavated zone corresponds to a necropolis
of the said agglomeration, the chorographic type of this remains dubious:
it could be either a seaside suburban <i>villa</i>; or a
specialized port agglomeration, in which there was a gentry's <i>domus</i> in a late Roman date.<br />
<br />
This study is part of a forthcoming historical geography of Roman occupation between
the tows of <i>Ossonoba</i> and <i>Balsa</i>, included in a monograph on
Roman place of Marim. An earlier version of this can be seen </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/alg-romano/marim2/index.html">here</a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">1. A povoação romana da Garganta</span></h2>
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A informação sobre a presumida <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> romana do Amendoal (Garganta, Faro) provém quase exclusivamente
de Estácio da Veiga (EV), com contribuições de Fernandes Mascarenhas e S. Lopes
Belchior<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a>.</div>
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A resenha mais completa é de Fernandes Mascarenhas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[2]</span></span></span></a>,
que compila as notícias esparsas e sempre muito incompletas de EV. Este último autor,
como é seu costume, nunca localiza com o mínimo de rigor geográfico as
estruturas arqueológicas que faz desenhar com bastante cuidado. Faltam também,
como é infelizmente frequente na sua obra póstuma publicada, as legendas
essenciais dos desenhos das estruturas arqueológicas, forçando os leitores a um
ingrato exercício de adivinhação baseado em paralelos formais.</div>
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Com base nestas limitações gritantes é no entanto possível
definir grosseiramente uma área de "povoação arrasada" isto é, de
grande densidade de vestígios à superfície, entre a margem esquerda da ribeira
das Lavadeiras e o caminho vicinal da zona da Garganta, troço onde a referida
ribeira e o Rio Seco correm paralelamente separadas por um estreito corredor, a
Sul da actual EN 125, situação que estará na base do referido topónimo Garganta.
Este existe já no séc. XVI, (Ver <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visitação
da Ordem de Santiago</i> mais adiante), referido como zona de propriedades
agrícolas, tal como hoje.</div>
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Sem dispor de um modelo digital de terreno de maior
resolução da zona (uma equidistância de 1 m seria ideal) não é possível
modelizar convenientemente as alterações da orla estuarina desde a Antiguidade.
Infelizmente, mesmo com esse modelo, a fisiografia antiga da foz do Rio Seco será
impossível de reconstituir devido ao enorme grau aparente de transformação
destrutiva: o rio está reduzido a um canal de meandro regularizado por acção
antrópica e as margens lagunares na sua vizinhança são demasiado altas (cotas
de 4 a 6 m) para um leque expectável de sedimentação natural. Provavelmente só
resultados de sondagens geológicas poderiam indicar soluções fiáveis.</div>
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Com os pontos cotados da Carta Militar e indícios das
aerofotografias só é possível apresentar um esquema de baixa definição,
representado na Figura 1 por uma banda de indefinição. A modelização minimalista
(ignorando um hipotético estuário aberto do Rio Seco) revela a existência de
uma pequena península cujo esteiro ocidental (Ribeiro das Lavadeiras) possui um
potencial portuário que sobrevive parcialmente até hoje. Vê-se assim que a posterior Garganta corresponde à
colmatação mais recente dessa península.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G1esea3AS9I/T2aSmZuF7zI/AAAAAAAAAyw/fSUetj5GBgI/s1600/Figura+1-costa+e+habitat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G1esea3AS9I/T2aSmZuF7zI/AAAAAAAAAyw/fSUetj5GBgI/s640/Figura+1-costa+e+habitat.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figura 1 – Reconstituição grosseira da costa antiga e
localização da aglomeração romana de Garganta-Amendoal</span></div>
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Com a informação de EV é também possível localiza-se aproximadamente
e implantar a estrutura edificada desenhada por este autor, imediatamente a
nascente do referido caminho vicinal. EV publicou desenhos de mosaicos aí
encontrados e noticia também a existência de vestígios de estuques pintados. Esta
informação e o que resta do modelo arquitectónico chegam para revelar a
existência de uma <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i> luxuosa de
carácter urbano no lugar mais central da península atrás referida.</div>
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A Figura 2 reproduz a planta de EV<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a>:<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IjFZenSaU-A/T2aS5-uCZvI/AAAAAAAAAy4/jeIe65T7f0w/s1600/planta+Amendoal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IjFZenSaU-A/T2aS5-uCZvI/AAAAAAAAAy4/jeIe65T7f0w/s640/planta+Amendoal.jpg" width="368" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figura 2
– Amendoal. Planta do edifício romano explorado por EV.</span></div>
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As Figuras 3 a 6 reproduzem as estampas s obreviventes dos
mosaicos<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[4]</span></span></span></a>:<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7fUuqAm-3Gk/T2aTR1g6lDI/AAAAAAAAAzA/SJw22OLuc7A/s1600/mosaico+28-A+fig+248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7fUuqAm-3Gk/T2aTR1g6lDI/AAAAAAAAAzA/SJw22OLuc7A/s400/mosaico+28-A+fig+248.jpg" width="272" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lPwIWXyk-2g/T2aTfhGXv1I/AAAAAAAAAzI/phFFTXqEAWE/s1600/mosaico+28-B+fig+249.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lPwIWXyk-2g/T2aTfhGXv1I/AAAAAAAAAzI/phFFTXqEAWE/s400/mosaico+28-B+fig+249.jpg" width="268" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nIvAEq91OLU/T2aTsfBuwpI/AAAAAAAAAzQ/BogxXasLIuY/s1600/mosaico+28-C+fig+250.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nIvAEq91OLU/T2aTsfBuwpI/AAAAAAAAAzQ/BogxXasLIuY/s400/mosaico+28-C+fig+250.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tp4VysDZNQ8/T2aT4Ar2vSI/AAAAAAAAAzY/bsRgxpgJzlc/s1600/mosaico+28-E+fig+251.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tp4VysDZNQ8/T2aT4Ar2vSI/AAAAAAAAAzY/bsRgxpgJzlc/s400/mosaico+28-E+fig+251.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 3-6 – Amendoal.
Desenhos dos mosaicos dos pavimentos das divisões A,B,C e E da planta</span></div>
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A planta de EV não tem originalmente régua de escala e a
escala nela indicada é a do desenho original arquivado no MNA. Segui as
dimensões da cópia publicada (ver nota 3), sem hipótese de confirmar se esta
corresponde ao original. A sobreposição comparativa com estruturas similares
melhor documentadas revela no entanto que as medidas da cópia são as originais
ou não se afastam significativamente delas. A Figura 7 ilustra esta
sobreposição com o corpo principal da <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i>
de Cerro da Vila (Vilamoura)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a>.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 7 – Sobreposição na mesma escala
aproximada da edificação do Amendoal (a
vermelho) sobre a fase 3 da <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus </i>de
Cerro da Vila-Vilamoura (segundo Felix Teichner)</span></div>
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A dimensão das divisões, a sua pavimentação com mosaico e a
sua interligação interior permite identificá-las como <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cubicula</i>: quartos e salas ou antecâmaras residenciais integradas em
aposentos concebidos para gente de uma certa condição.</div>
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Infelizmente, a parte desenhada por EV é insuficiente para
definir um modelo arquitectónico do conjunto, sendo impossível determinar se
estamos perante uma "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> de
peristilo" (no sentido arquitectónico do termo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>, em que a série de divisões formaria um dos lados: mais
provavelmente o ocidental) ou perante um edifício linear, com pavilhões.</div>
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Recorrendo aos numerosos paralelos do Algarve e não só, pode
propor-se sem grande audácia a existência de um balneário na vizinhança, por
ser impensável a sua ausência num complexo com estas características, sobretudo
se situado numa zona portuária. Ainda segundo esses paralelos (que concordam de
um modo geral com os preceitos teóricos dos agrónomos-arquitectos clássicos<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[6]</span></span></span></a>)
esse balneário dever-se-ia situar do lado mais ocidental e voltado a Sul, isto
é, algures do lado do porto.</div>
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A correspondência espacial entre a margem mais edificada e o
único esteiro com potencialidade portuária leva naturalmente a sugerir ter sido
esta a funcionalidade principal da aglomeração ou, pelo menos, um dos critérios
fundamentais da sua fixação.</div>
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Estaremos assim perante mais um caso dos muitos já
identificados no Algarve em que um aglomerado portuário especializado e de
dimensões relativamente modestas se associa a uma mansão senhorial de
características urbanas aparentemente excessivas, sendo característico o
desenvolvimento em expansão e luxo decorativo destas residências durante o séc.
IV, nomeadamente em seus meados. </div>
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A possível lista, com alguns casos duvidosos, inclui: Boca
do Rio, Senhora da Luz, Paul/Jardim-Lagos(?), Abicada, Cerro da Vila, Loulé
Velho(?), Ludo, Garganta-Amendoal, Torrejão, Marim, Pedras
d'El-Rei, Cacela-a-Velha, Álamo, Montinho das Laranjeiras.<br />
<br />
Penso no entanto que
este critério de uniformidade esconde importantes distinções funcionais,
organizativas, estatutárias e de nível de lugar central, que não permitem
agrupar todos estes lugares num tipo simplista e rudimentar, como <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villas</i> marítimas! (Ver nota no final do
texto).</div>
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Na caracterização tipológica do habitat da Garganta-Amendoal,
do qual praticamente nada se conhece, permanece portanto a dúvida de se tratar
de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> suburbana marítima, ou então
de uma aglomeração secundária de cariz portuário com uma residência senhorial.<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">2. A via romana oriental de Ossonoba e as transformações posteriores da
rede viária</span></h2>
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Na época Romana o antigo caminho entre Faro e Olhão pelo
Alto de Santo António e a margem do sapal não era ainda viável devido a submersão
da margem do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sapal do Fialho</i> e à
potência do esteiro das Lavadeiras, aparentemente mais importante que o do Rio
Seco.<br />
<br />
Este caminho desapareceu sob o eixo da linha de caminho de ferro entre
Faro e Olhão, concluída em 1904. (Inexistente portanto aquando da exploração de
EV em 1878).</div>
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<br />
Não é possível estabelecer uma data precisa para a
construção das Pontes das Lavadeiras e do Rio Seco, no eixo da actual EN 125. A
ponte do Rio Seco aparece referida, penso que pela primeira vez, na <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visitação da Ordem de Santiago</i> de
1517-18 (fl. 183, p. 137)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[7]</span></span></span></a>.
Será provavelmente uma obra já da época portuguesa e deve articular-se com a
construção da Ponte de Quelfes, redefinindo o trajecto viário entre Faro e
Tavira com o abandono ou despromoção da antiga via romana, que se revela fossilizada,
tal como direi mais adiante.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">São Cristovão</span></b></div>
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Nas "Visitação" surge também a ermida de São
Cristóvão (fl. 196, p. 157), descrita como sendo de uma só nave com um pilar no
meio, uma pequena capela abobadada e um pequeno adro em frente da entrada,
construída em pedra e taipa. Sendo "tão antiga que não há aí memória de
que a edificou", tal significa uma mais que provável origem pré-portuguesa<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[8]</span></span></span></a>.<br />
<br />
A dedicação a S. Cristovão deve ser relativamente moderna, já portuguesa. Ela
assinala lugares à beira da estrada, frequentemente associados a passagens de
rios ou linhas de água. É muito provável a existência aí de um culto viário
mais antigo, moçárabe ou misto, ainda sobrevivente nos primeiros séculos do
domínio português, o que justifica a manutenção funcional da dedicação apesar
da alteração do orago.<br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K9fprtuF-Og/T2aUatcPs0I/AAAAAAAAAzo/nqqtv4YI604/s1600/rio-seco-faro.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="418" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K9fprtuF-Og/T2aUatcPs0I/AAAAAAAAAzo/nqqtv4YI604/s640/rio-seco-faro.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 8 – Parte do mapa de 1832 mostrando o caminho
de S. Cristóvão</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
O mapa de Faro de José Gualdim Ferreira (1832)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[9]</span></span></span></a>
(representado parcialmente na Figura 8) mostra perfeitamente o antigo caminho
por São Cristovão até ao Rio Seco. As edições da Carta Militar, mais modernas,
são ainda mais detalhadas: a situação da ermida e os troços fósseis de caminhos
alinhados que lhe estão associados são determinantes para definir o traçado do
eixo da antiga via romana oriental de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i>,
usada posteriormente até à construção das pontes das Lavadeiras e Rio Seco.
(Figura 9).<br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2GqlenX2iE/T2aUoms13XI/AAAAAAAAAzw/vbmbviPrWZw/s1600/tro%C3%A7os+via.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2GqlenX2iE/T2aUoms13XI/AAAAAAAAAzw/vbmbviPrWZw/s640/tro%C3%A7os+via.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 9 – Vestígios fósseis da via romana (e do
caminho medieval que lhe sucedeu, anterior à construção das pontes das
Lavadeiras e do Rio Seco)</span></div>
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<br />
Próximo da ermida (e muito provavelmente justificando a sua
localização primitiva) é possível reconstituir por interpolação o<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> trivium</i> (entroncamento) onde a estrada
vinda de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i> se dividia em duas:
</div>
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<br />
1) Para Estoi e Bicalto por Galvana (outra <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> romana identificada pelo topónimo
e, mais recentemente, por prospecção arqueológica); </div>
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2) Para Balsa, por Contenda, João de Ourém e Quatrim. </div>
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<br />
O culto viário (S. Cristóvão) associado ao caminho fóssil
sobrevivente revela a memória da função viária importante deste eixo ANTES da
época portuguesa e ANTES da construção das pontes das Lavadeiras e do Rio Seco,
que puxaram o eixo viário principal mais para sul. Isso levou à despromoção e
obliteração parcial da via antiga, que surge quebrada em troços de caminhos
secundários desconexos mas alinhados, como se pode ver na Figura 9. As interrupções
correspondem tipicamente à apropriação de troços caídos em desuso pelos
proprietários circundantes.<br />
<br />
No palimpsesto viário visível nas Cartas Militares
nota-se também o modo como a abertura de novas estradas modernas (como a para
Pechão-Quelfes e a EN125) levou ao surgimento de novos caminhos de ligação entre
pontos nodais da antiga via e os novos eixos.</div>
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<br />
A reconstituição da rede viária mostra-se na Figura 16.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
A situação da antiga via romana evita a travessia das
Ribeira das Lavadeiras e do Rio Seco, numa zona onde historicamente mais se
fazem sentir as marés, impedindo a travessia sem pontes ou obrigando à
reparação permanente destas quando existentes. Naturalmente, nas conjunturas de
avaria das referidas pontes o antigo trajecto mais a norte deveria ser
obrigatoriamente retomado.<br />
As passagens antigas faziam-se facilmente por
pontões (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">portus</i>) sem necessidade de
grandes infra-estruturas, tal como se verifica ainda hoje no porto de passagem
do Rio Seco.<br />
Tudo indica assim que esta linha de água já fazia jus ao seu nome
desde a Antiguidade, com o seu carácter de arroio temporário e torrencial, seco
ou quase seco a maior parte do ano mas intransponível na estação chuvosa.</div>
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<br />
É ainda de notar que o <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trivium</i>
de S. Cristóvão é o segundo entroncamento notável da via <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i>-Balsa após a saída da cidade. O primeiro corresponde ao
actual Largo d S. Luis, onde a função viária também se manifesta na associação
a um culto hagiológico medieval no limiar da cidade, neste caso protector da peste e das doenças
contagiosas trazidas pelos viajantes.</div>
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Considerando o percurso reconstituído da via e uma origem
das distâncias no Largo da Palmeira em Faro (presumíveis portas de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i> no Alto-Império), o <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trivium</i> de S. Cristovão fica a c. 1950m
(aproximadamente 1.3 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">m.p.</i>). Trata-se
portanto de um lugar claramente suburbano em termos urbanísticos romanos.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<h2 style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3. A necrópole da pista de atletismo de Faro</span></h2>
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A necrópole conhece-se, por enquanto, apenas pelo pouco que veio nos jornais. Aguarda-se com expectativa que se concluam os trabalhos arqueológicos e
se publiquem os respectivos resultados, afim de se poder fazer um
balanço rigoroso do local.</div>
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<br />
A Figura 10 localiza a necrópole na área urbana de Faro.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oUymB4vOUsU/T2aU0KRBRDI/AAAAAAAAAz4/IlOLYsQ_ssQ/s1600/localiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="496" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oUymB4vOUsU/T2aU0KRBRDI/AAAAAAAAAz4/IlOLYsQ_ssQ/s640/localiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o.jpg" width="640" /></a> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> Figuras 10 – Localização da necrópole romana da pista
de atletismo de Faro</span></div>
</div>
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<br />
A Figura 11 mostra aproximadamente os limites da área
escavada onde existem sepulturas. É perfeitamente possível que a área original
tenha sido consideravelmente mais vasta do que a parte posta a descoberto,
sobretudo para sul, para nascente (até a estrada) e para poente (sob o muro e
os logradouros da pista de atletismo).<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wXiAuC4uErs/T2aVP9Y6R1I/AAAAAAAAA0A/wb_zDbhkQtc/s1600/necropole.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="348" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wXiAuC4uErs/T2aVP9Y6R1I/AAAAAAAAA0A/wb_zDbhkQtc/s640/necropole.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 11 – Limites aproximados da área
intervencionada da necrópole onde se acharam sepulturas</span></div>
</div>
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<br />
Pelo que pude ver pessoalmente, a parte descoberta
corresponde a uma pequena necrópole com uma baixa densidade de enterramentos,
orientados segundo dois eixos: OSO e ONO, que correspondem grosseiramente ao
pôr-do-sol respectivamente nos solstícios de Inverno e de Verão. Com excepção
de de duas sepulturas aparelhadas com blocos dispostos horizontalmente, as
restantes são muito pobres, formadas e cobertas com pedaços de contentores
cerâmicos e tégulas. As lajes de cobertura parecem ser raras. A sepultura estruturalmente
mais importante é representada na figura 12. </div>
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<br />
As Figuras 12-15 foram retiradas do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">blog</i> "Turismo do Algarve", da Região de Turismo do
Algarve<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[10]</span></span></span></a>.</div>
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<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oF9V1gEszPY/T2aVigMLgII/AAAAAAAAA0M/r28p0KJDBUo/s1600/Fotografia0042.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oF9V1gEszPY/T2aVigMLgII/AAAAAAAAA0M/r28p0KJDBUo/s320/Fotografia0042.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">Figuras 12-15 – Aspectos da necrópole (Cortesia da
Região de Turismo do Algarve)</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Tem de se aceitar a informação jornalística sobre o período
de uso da necrópole pelo seu valor facial, à falta de melhor alternativa: sécs.
III a V, o que corresponde a uma necrópole do Baixo-Império. Esta precisão não
é suficiente para sugerir uma ocupação desde o "Médio-Império" (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">grosso modo</i> a 1ª metade do séc. III),
tal como sucede em Marim. Nada do que se vê permite sugerir haver uma fase de
ocupação tardo-antiga/páleocristã, de acordo com os paralelos existentes em
Marim, Mértola, Moncarapacho e muitos outros lugares.</div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
Existe assim uma concordância satisfatória entre o uso da
necrópole e a datação conhecida da <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i>
da Amendoeira, sendo desconhecidos quaisquer detalhes do resto da aglomeração
da Garganta.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
Porém, mais relevante do que esta concordância cronológica
circunstancial (isto é, necessária mas insuficiente para estabelecer um vínculo
contingente) é a disposição espacial única dos dois elementos, bem manifesta na
Figura 16, que permite associar a necrópole a esta aglomeração: situa-se
imediatamente a norte do istmo da antiga península, na zona de acesso directo entre
esta e a via <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba-Balsa,</i> que
passa umas duas centenas de metros mais a norte. Tudo indica portanto que a
necrópole se dispunha aproximadamente a meio do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">diverticulum</i> (caminho de acesso com uns 480m de extensão) que
uniria a aglomeração à via no sítio do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trivium</i>
ou muito próximo dele, e cujo descendente actual é a estrada municipal M518.<br />
<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SElh3IVokKk/T2aV7bvkPwI/AAAAAAAAA0o/LxR1oerfPE8/s1600/faro+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="578" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SElh3IVokKk/T2aV7bvkPwI/AAAAAAAAA0o/LxR1oerfPE8/s640/faro+1.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">Figuras 16 – Reconstituição da
topografia do subúrbio oriental de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i>,
mostrando os limites aproximados da cidade romana, a via oriental e as suas
principais ramificações, a aglomeração da Garganta-Amendoal com a localização
do edifício nobre e a necrópole junto ao acesso conjectural entre o povoado e a
via. </span></div>
</div>
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<br />
Esta disposição das necrópoles entre o núcleo de povoamento
a Sul, junto à margem, e um caminho principal mais a norte parece ser comum na
zona, verificando-se também na necrópole-casa do núcleo portuário de Marim e,
muito provavelmente, em Belamandil, cuja necrópole se poderá relacionar com o
núcleo litoral do Torrejão, conforme se pode ver no mapa de reconstituição geográfica da região entre Ossonoba e Balsa na Antiguidade, onde a nova necrópole já está representada (Figura
17).<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">(Esta figura será incluída oportunamente)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">Figuras 17 – Reconstituição geográfica da região entre Ossonoba e Balsa na Época Romana</span></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ANEXOS</span></b></div>
<h2 style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 13pt;">Transcrição das fontes arqueológicas</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Estácio da Veiga:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amendoal – Este sítio,
mui próximo da obstruída foz do antigo Rio Seco, onde explorei parcialmente uma
opulenta villa ou granja romana, cujos edifícios tinham excelentes pavimentos
de mosaico, que felizmente foram desenhados...</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
AMA II = <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antiguidades
Monumentais do Algarve, </i>vol. 2, Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa, 1887, p. 389-90</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
<i>O sítio do Amendoal
até ao flanco direito da Ribeira do Rio Seco fica a nordeste de Faro e de Santo
António do Alto em distância superior a 1 quilómetro.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tem assentamento de
povoação extinta desde a margem esquerda do ribeiro das Lavadeiras até à linha
da estrada vicinal da Garganta.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Em frente da portada
da quinta do Fonseca tentei um reconhecimento nas ruínas que o solo quase totalmente
encobria, e pus à vista um famoso edifício com oito pavimentos de mosaico,
havendo no terreno muitos fragmentos de louças finas e grosseiras, de vasos de
vidro, quinários do Baixo-Império, e muitos ossos de diversos animais...</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
AMA II, p. 575-6</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
<i>O emblema da cruz e a
swastika foram sempre aparecendo como símbolos de antigas traduções... pois um
e outro emblema achei eu , perto de Faro, no sítio do Amendoal, figurados nos
pavimentos de mosaico de uma villa romana, onde conjuntamente coligi alguns pequenos
bronzes do Baixo-Império...</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
AMA III<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>= <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antiguidades Monumentais do Algarve, </i>vol.
3, Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa, 1889, p. 35.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 7.1pt;">
<br />
Referência a materiais
inventariados por EV:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 7.1pt;">
Doze fragmentos de estuque
pintado.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 7.1pt;">
28 fragmentos de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">terra sigillata</i>, frag. de vasilha de
barro, peso de rede, cinco tijolos, grande número de objectos de metal, dois
anzóis, frag. de vidro, dois cadinhos, objectos de osso e cornalina.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
ARA II, p. 174-6.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
Gravuras com desenhos dos mosaicos reproduzidas de </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
ARA II, figs. 248 a 251.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-top: 12pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fernandes Mascarenhas:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Não obstante a
ausência [actual] de tais vestígios à superfície, tivemos conhecimento directo
que, nos campos junto ao Rio Seco e Ribeiro das Lavadeiras – ribeiro por onde
as águas do mar avançam em marés vivas, ainda hoje se encontram muitos restos
de contruções e moedas de vários imperadores romanos, três das quais nos foram
oferecidas pelo Sr. Francisco Tomaz, caseiro da quinta do Amendoal.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dizia-nos esse senhor
que em redor das casas da propriedade se torna por vezes difícil lavrar a terra,
pois o ferro da charrua vai esbarrar constantemente com bocados de tijolo e
paredes.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Mascarenhas, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">op. cit.</i>,
p. 24-5.</div>
<h2 style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 13pt;">Nota sobre o uso da categoria <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i></span></h2>
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Considero que há um uso excessivo da categoria "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>", aplicada a esmo a sítios
rurais da época romana com edifícios de formas arquitectónicas aparentemente
urbanas. Parece haver por parte de certos arqueólogos uma sofreguidão em
produzir classificações corográficas instantâneas e simplistas sem dominar a
complexidade das formas e escalões dos tipos de povoamento romano. </div>
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<br />
Infelizmente, este primarismo numa matéria que dominam mal (a
geografia humana do povoamento) acompanha-se frequentemente por uma notável
falta de detalhe arqueológico, reveladora de desinteresse pelas tipologias específicas
da sua própria disciplina (que muita falta fazem e que ninguém doutras áreas
poderá desenvolver) respeitantes à classificação multidimensional de sítios
romanos segundo os achados que aí ocorrem<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">[11]</span></span></span></a>.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
De facto, enquanto estas tipologias de sítios arqueológicos
não forem suficientemente elaboradas num quadro regional apropriado não será
possível produzir modelos de mapeamento com carácter científico entre o
universo dos vestígios modernamente registados e o universo das categorias de
povoamento da geografia antiga.<br />
Até lá temos de nos ir sujeitando a regras
heurísticas de valor incerto ou, pior, a receitas dogmáticas e aos seus degenerados
epítomes sebentinos.</div>
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<br />
Como se sabe o conceito de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> aplica-se a um espaço tipológico relativamente complexo de
povoamentos rurais da época romana e tardo-antiga.<br />
Muito sucintamente,
configura um domínio edificado associado a propriedades fundiárias de usufruto e
frequentemente integrado por residências abastadas de carácter urbano.<br />
As
finalidades do seu usufruto, o tipo de paisagem da sua situação geográfica, as actividades
económicas e os tipos de produções eventualmente presentes, as formas de
organização social do trabalho existentes, os tipos de propriedade e as formas
de exploração qualificam as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villas</i>
segundo um quadro multifactorial de geometria variável.</div>
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<br />
O problema está precisamente em que estas residências rurais
abastadas de carácter urbano não são, por um lado, indispensáveis para definir
uma <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> nem a sua presença
corresponde, por outro lado, obrigatoriamente a uma <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>.<br />
Apesar de de facto serem muito mais comuns em <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villas</i>, elas existem igualmente noutros
contextos de povoamento especializado, sempre que aí haja residentes abastados.<br />
É o caso de meios portuários muito diversos, de aglomerações residenciais secundárias,
de centros notáveis do sistema viário, militar ou administrativo, ou de certas zonas
de produção especializada.</div>
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<br />
Pior no entanto é categorizar uma <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> apenas por vestígios de materiais de construção ou
componentes arquitectónicos decorativos, ou pela presença de estruturas arquitectónicas
funcionalmente especializadas como é o caso conspícuo dos balneários. Na
realidade não se pode afirmar nestes casos que se tratem sequer de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i> no sentido exposto acima e muito menos de povoamentos do tipo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>.</div>
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<br />
O uso do termo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>
nestes contextos devia ser assim, quanto a mim, evitado <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a priori</i>, podendo a residência ser designada por <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i> ou por outro termo de carácter
descritivo que assinale uma casa de carácter urbano. Tenho porém plena
consciência que este modo de ver (de geógrafo do povoamento) não é fácil de
aplicar à cultura arqueológica esmagadoramente dominante, pois vai contra a
norma da literatura arquitectónica da especialidade que define as nomenclaturas
tipológicas destes espaços edificados, designando-os sempre como <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villas</i>.</div>
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<br />
Em resumo e conclusão:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
O termo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> tem
um duplo sentido, o que tende a constituir uma fonte permanente de
mal-entendidos e de usos indevidos.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>É um tipo de povoamento rural específico,
integrado numa nomenclatura corográfica do povoamento, isto é, numa
conceptualização do espaço característica da geografia humana histórica.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>É um tipo de morfologia de edificação rural,
integrado numa nomenclatura arquitectónica das edificações e espaços
edificados, isto é numa conceptualização própria da arqueologia da arquitectura
e da história da arquitectura.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
Os dois conceitos intersectam-se mas não são equivalentes, o
que obriga a uma qualificação terminológica: há inúmeros habitats-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> com edificações-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> (essa é a razão primitiva de
partilharem o mesmo nome) mas há também habitats-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> sem edificações-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>
assim como edificações-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> sem
habitats-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i>. Embora uma edificação
pertença sempre a um tipo de habitat ela raramente é específica de um dado
tipo. A edificação-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villa</i> pode
integrar assim outros tipos de habitat para além do seu tipo homónimo.<br />
Um
raciocínio indutivo do tipo <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">estrutura
material </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">=>;(implica) tipo arquitectónico =</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">>; tipo
de habitat</i> deve ser evitado no que respeita a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villas</i> sempre que possível.</div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> Este
último é, tanto quanto sei, autor de um único artigo (a que ainda não pude ter
acesso): <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Estudos acerca de Ossónoba e
Faro</i>, "O Algarve", Faro, 31 de Março de 1982) referido na bibliografia da Carta
Arqueológica de Portugal (Coord. Teresa Marques, "Faro, Olhão-Tavira, Vila
Real de Santo António, Castro Marim-Alcoutim", IPPAA, Lisboa, 1995; p.
50), onde assinala a presença de vestígios cerâmicos no local.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[2]</span></span></span></a> J.
Fernandes Mascarenhas, "De Ossónoba a Balsa. Subsídios para o estudo da
via romana que ligava as duas cidades e localização de Ossónoba" in
Elementos <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">de arqueologia sobre o Algarve
(dos romanos aos árabes, na zona central da província)</i>, pp. 7-25, Col. Por
Terras do Algarve, Ed. Autor, Tavira 1967: sobre o Amendoal ver pp. 23-5.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a> ARA II =
Maria Luísa Santos, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arqueologia Romana do
Algarve. (Subsídios)</i>, Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, Lisboa, vol.
2, 1972: Planta com o nº 28 na numeração de EV, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hors-texte</i> desdobrável após p. 176.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[4]</span></span></span></a> ARA II: Figs.
248 a 251 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hors-texte</i> após p. 176.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a> Segundo
Felix Teichner, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Entre Tierra y Mar.
Zwischen Land und Meer, </i>Museu Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida, 2008; p.
290.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[6]</span></span></span></a> Ver
"Preceitos dos agrónomos latinos sobre villas rurais" em <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">http://imprompto.blogspot.pt/2010/07/preceitos-dos-agronomos-e-arquitectos.html</i>.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[7]</span></span></span></a> Manuel
Pedro Serra (Coord.), Fernando Calapez & António Viegas (Transcrição),
"Visitação da Ordem de Santiago ao Algarve. 1517-1518". Suplemento da
Revista al-ulyã, nº 5, Câmara Municipal, Loulé, 1996.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[8]</span></span></span></a> Em
1517-18 a memória pessoal, colectiva e administrativa das construções
religiosas desde a conquista portuguesa estava ainda bem viva, sobretudo tendo
em conta que as construções rurais são raríssimas antes de 1400 e os edifícios
construídos são demasiado notórios para ser esquecida a sua origem em pouco
mais de 200 anos. As "Visitações" fazem uma distinção geralmente
clara quanto ao tipo de fundadores (ou reconstrutores) portugueses: por
iniciativa real ou senhorial, por ordens religiosas, por associações de âmbito
municipal, por privados locais e por comunidades rurais de vizinhos. Quanto às
construções anteriores ao domínio português o texto usa expressões com
"mui antiga" e "não há aí memória de quem a edificou".</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[9]</span></span></span></a> Publicado
por João Baptista da Silva Lopes em "Memórias para a história eclesiástica
do Bispado do Algarve", 1848.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[10]</span></span></span></a> http://blog.turismodoalgarve.pt/2012/03/cemiterio-romano-descoberto-em-faro.html,
acedido em 13-Mar-2012</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[11]</span></span></span></a>
Refiro-me aos perfis temporais e tipológico-funcionais dos achados, integrados
nas suas estruturas espaciais subjacentes perceptíveis nas escalas
arquitectónica e topográfica, isto é, integrados nas morfologias das
edificações e nas morfologias dos povoamentos.</div>
</div>
</div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-46824119621095630262011-11-10T03:06:00.007+00:002013-03-02T12:34:36.692+00:00O mosaico do Oceano de Ossonoba (Faro)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Br0m4nrHy0/Trf9I3xvG8I/AAAAAAAAAyI/EZyIzrOy3yk/s1600/mosaico-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_Br0m4nrHy0/Trf9I3xvG8I/AAAAAAAAAyI/EZyIzrOy3yk/s640/mosaico-2.jpg" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></td></tr>
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<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Inscrição segundo José d'Encarnação (IRCP nº 35): </span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">C(aius) CALPVRNIVS [...]NVS ET G(aius) VIBIVS QVINTILIANVS ET L(ucius) ATTI[VS?...]S ET M(arcus) VERRIVS CEMINVS SOL[VM] TESSELAS [F(aciendum) CVRAR]VNT ET DONAR[VN]T</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Gaio Calpúrnio (...) e Gaio Víbio Quintiliano e Lúcio Átio (?) (...) e Marco Vérrio Gémino mandaram executar e ofereceram o solo e as tesselas</span> </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RV3EUoY5TPQ/Trf9aND-NMI/AAAAAAAAAyQ/SO29-4ESrKY/s1600/mosaico-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="391" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RV3EUoY5TPQ/Trf9aND-NMI/AAAAAAAAAyQ/SO29-4ESrKY/s400/mosaico-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">O mosaico romano do Oceano, visitável no Museu Municipal de Faro, é uma das expressões mais importantes da Arte da Antiguidade Clássica no território algarvio e um testemunho de influências técnicas, estéticas e culturais do mundo Romano, amplamente difundidas na sua fase de maturidade. <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Janine Lancha (LANCHA, 2008) analisa os seus aspectos formais, artísticos e simbólicos. Cristina Oliveira (OLIVEIRA, 2010) os seus aspectos técnicos.</span></span><br />
<br />
Para além desse aspecto primordial, o mosaico constitui também um vestígio material rico em significados potenciais, embora incertos, sobre a história e o urbanismo de Ossonoba Romana.<br />
<br />
Sob este ponto de vista, a inscrição da sua doação por um grupo de quatro individualidades identificadas pelos nomes constitui o seu elemento mais importante, apesar de ser omissa no que para nós seria determinante: o motivo da doação e o uso que lhe era destinado, o estatuto explícito dos doadores e a identificação da entidade receptora da oferta.<br />
<br />
Todos os autores interpretam – justamente no meu entender – essas quatro personalidades como ocupando um cargo público ou colectivo, pondo de parte a hipótese de se tratar de uma <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domus</i> privada.<br />
<br />
Não há porém consenso sobre o presumido cargo público dos doadores: ou quadrúnviros municipais de Ossonoba; ou dirigentes de uma qualquer associação semipública, socioprofissional ou religiosa.<br />
<br />
A forma orientada do mosaico e as notícias de três paredes que lhe estavam associadas fornecem indícios sobre o contexto arquitectónico da divisão onde se encontrava e o leque das suas funções planeadas mais prováveis.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5SvdTT4iBEo/TrgIF_xma7I/AAAAAAAAAyY/nF726V5Wij8/s1600/mosaico3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="638" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5SvdTT4iBEo/TrgIF_xma7I/AAAAAAAAAyY/nF726V5Wij8/s640/mosaico3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plano da escavação do mosaico em 1976, segundo Dario de Souza. (Viegas, 2011, fig. 27 p. 100)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">A orientação do conjunto em articulação com a reconstituição da via romana de saída poente da cidade dá também vagas indicações sobre a orientação do edifício ou complexo a que pertencia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Finalmente, o contexto urbanístico dessa parte da cidade de Ossonoba pode ser delineado, determinado pelo edifício do mosaico e por outros importantes achados nas redondezas, assim como pela reconstituição da trama viária e de zonas urbanas articuladas com a antiga margem da Ria.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-av6lFQXvkDQ/TrgJrRgfXyI/AAAAAAAAAyg/38G_Hp6UmTQ/s1600/mosaico4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="590" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-av6lFQXvkDQ/TrgJrRgfXyI/AAAAAAAAAyg/38G_Hp6UmTQ/s640/mosaico4.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reconstituição do urbanismo romano da parte ocidental de Ossonoba (Fraga da Silva, 2006)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Datação</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Ao contrário do que continua a ser repetido, tudo indica ser um mosaico de feitura muito tardia, sobre pavimentos de mosaico anteriores. A presença de fragmentos de sigillatas claras D de feição tardia e de uma moeda (talvez de Honório) sob o embasamento do mosaico é determinante e de muito maior peso na datação do que eventuais paralelos formais, cronologicamente muito incertos. Nada na onomástica impede <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tria nomina</i> tardios, contra que tem sido afirmado (ver adiante a nota sobre Lassère).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">O estado da polémica sobre a datação do mosaico e a análise dos elementos arqueológicos publicados será tema de um acrescento posterior a este <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">post</i>, quando tiver todos os elementos reunidos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Enquadramento arquitectónico da divisão</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">O enquadramento da esquadria do mosaico com uma estreita parede absidada no topo poente da sala (informação de Maria Maia) enquadra-se perfeitamente nessa datação tardia da 2ª metade do séc. IV ou mesmo dos primeiros anos do V, havendo numerosos exemplos dessa combinação. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">A planta da implantação do mosaico mostra duas paredes que ladeavam o seu comprimento na parte superior à máscara, com um rodapé de estuque pintado. A máscara pode ter definido uma zona de acessos ou nichos laterais, correspondente à interrupção das referidas paredes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">A estratigrafia mostra ainda que o mosaico corresponde a uma reconstrução do pavimento, sobre outro que pode ter sido feito em finais do séc. II ou inícios do III. A descoberta acidental de fragmentos cerâmicos da mesma peça situados acima e abaixo do mosaico revela a pré-existência das paredes ou estruturas de cota superior de alvenarias com materiais cerâmicos, que já existiam antes do mosaico e se mantiveram após a sua feitura.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Tratava-se sem dúvida de uma sala concebida para usos cerimoniais em âmbitos de recepção, cujo foco seria o centro da referido abside, único ponto de onde é possível ler a inscrição e ver a máscara do Oceano orientada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Não há porém elementos suficientes para definir com segurança nem a sua funcionalidade planeada nem o carácter da edificação de que fazia parte.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Contexto urbanístico</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Sobre a reconstituição do urbanismo de Ossonoba ver o post </span><a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/search/label/Ossonoba" style="color: #cc0000;">OSSONOBA</a><span style="color: #cc0000;"> neste blog</span>.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Pode apenas referir-se que esta edificação se situava numa zona periférica da cidade, onde terá existido um complexo de edifícios colectivos destacados, em torno da via de acesso poente à cidade.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">O único edifício explorado nesta zona, sob a actual "Residência Sun Algarve", com a fachada voltada para a via e e com um abside rectangular e pavimento de mosaico mostrou uma ocupação desde meados ou finais do séc. I e uma reconstrução no III, seguido de abandono em finais deste século. No seu espólio encontraram-se vários copos de beber e numerosos alfinetes de cabelo. Poder-se-ia tratar assim de uma loja, ou talvez de um templo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Pode-se estar assim na presença de um fórum periférico associado a edifícios administrativos, comerciais e religiosos, possivelmente o centro da administração provincial a nível local (ver mais adiante), com funções bem caracterizadas a partir do séc. III e cuja autonomia relativamente ao município se marca pela grande separação física do "centro histórico" de Ossonoba. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">A plataforma do ex-convento vizinho dos Capuchos produziu derrubes para sul com abundante material da época de Augusto, incorporado em lixeiras e sedimentos do séc. II e III na base sul da escarpa. Essa plataforma, graças à sua posição estratégica na rede viária local reconstituída, pode ter sido conjecturalmente uma base militar de ocupação militar romana desde o final da República, isto é, o <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">praetorium</i> de Ossonoba, numa situação canónica nos limites da cidade.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Propostas existentes sobre o carácter do edifício</span></b></span></div>
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1. Sede de <i>Collegium</i> de <i>Salsarii</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">A situação do conjunto é suficientemente afastada da ribeira da Ria e das zonas de cais para impedir uma associação topográfica a uma actividade marítima ou portuária ou a um bairro especializado na indústria conserveira. A relação feita por Vasco Mantas entre o local do mosaico e uma fábrica de salgas descoberta na Av. da República, a mais de 260 metros de distância e em contextos urbanísticos distintos, não tem assim qualquer sentido, sendo abusivo poder falar-se de um <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collegium</i> de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">salsarii.</i></span></div>
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2. Sede de <i>Collegium</i> de <i>Navicularii</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Concordo com Janine Lancha quando esta autora afirma não ser possível associar univocamente a representação do Oceano e Ventos a actividades da esfera marítima, e portanto atribuir automaticamente ao sítio do mosaico uma função de sede de um <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collegium</i> de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">navicularii</i> dirigido por <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quattrumviri</i> que seriam os doadores do mosaico, seguindo outra hipótese de Vasco Mantas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Esta inferência débil torna-se ainda mais difícil de aceitar quando o contexto urbanístico do local está radicalmente afastado do centro portuário da cidade e das inevitáveis praças marítimas, onde seria de esperar em princípio a localização das sedes de tais <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collegia. </i>Porém, a generalização da vulgata desta hipótese depressa transformou o sítio do mosaico em "zona industrial" e "zona comercial" da cidade, sem qualquer fundamentação arqueológica ou elaboração de modelo urbanístico.<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">3. Termas ou balneário</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">A existência de mosaicos com a alegoria do Oceano ocorre igualmente em sítios afastados do Mar, em contextos decorativos aquáticos, nomeadamente em balneários e ninfeus mais ou menos elaborados. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Surgem assim a decorar fundos ou faces de tanques ou em lagos de fontes e, eventualmente, em pavimentos de divisões onde a água abunda. Esta realidade levou a propor identificar o edifício do Mosaico do Oceano com umas termas ou balneário de um edifício mais vasto. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Trata-se também de uma hipótese que não tem qualquer base material de sustentação: a presença de estuques pintados em rodapé elimina a possibilidade de contextos húmidos, para além de não haver qualquer vestígio (geralmente muito conspícuos) de estruturas ou revestimentos hidráulicos ou de sistemas de aquecimento.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Identificação dos doadores<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> A dedicação do mosaico pelos quatro indivíduos já referidos permanece a chave da questão. Infelizmente, como se viu, a inscrição não assinala nem o estatuto dos dedicadores nem o contexto da doação.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">O estudo desta omissão poderá ser a via de investigação mais promissora, procurando-se paralelos tardios deste tipo de dedicações "omissivas" em mosaicos e outras estruturas comparáveis da época. Infelizmente, este estudo sistemático de índole epigráfica permanece ainda por fazer no que respeita ao Mosaico do Oceano. Por agora é apenas possível colocar questões pela negativa:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Como já disse, é de excluir-se uma dedicação privada. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">De facto, uma dedicação neste âmbito seria: ou individual, do proprietário (que não teria que dizer que pagou o mosaico); ou por disposição testamentária (e portanto não doada pelos executores); ou por uma homenagem funerária por parte de familiares, clientes ou libertos. Nestes últimos casos a inscrição não deixaria de assinalar o motivo, o nome do homenageado e o estatuto dos oferentes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">É também improvável uma doação religiosa pois tal não seria omisso na dedicatória, seja pela identificação da divindade, do motivo da oferta ou do estatuto religioso dos doadores na colectividade religiosa, se se tratasse de uma. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Se fosse uma doação de oficiais num contexto militar/policial estatal, seria igualmente de esperar a identificação do objecto divino ou imperial da dedicação e o eventual estatuto dos oferentes. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Finalmente, tratando-se de uma dedicação semipública ou municipal parece também estranha a ausência dos estatutos dos dedicantes, nomeadamente dos seus eventuais cargos ou escalões na instituição.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Com a datação tardia acima indicada penso que se devem abandonar as tentativas de explicação assentes nos contextos administrativos e sociopolíticos do Alto e do Médio Império e assumir em alternativa o universo de possibilidades característico da 2ª metade do séc. IV.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Nesta perspectiva, o tipo de nome é suficiente para definir os estatutos. Ora, é precisamente o <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tria nomina</i> num contexto tardio que define e reforça a pertença sociopolítica dos ofertantes, já não como cidadãos romanos mas como <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">honestiores</i>, possivelmente da ordem equestres (Lassère, 2007: 102-3 e 113. Ver o comentário deste autor sobre a leitura da inscrição ILS 9294 de Timgad, da 2ª metade do séc. IV, em que a personalidade mais importante da inscrição é um <i>eques Romanus</i> com <i>tria nomen</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Os doadores teriam assim um estatuto implícito superior a quaisquer cargos municipais explicitados, definidores de uma hierarquia política e social local, pelo que se pode inferir que estes cargos municipais se acompanhavam de estatutos sociais que lhes eram relativamente inferiores. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">O facto de serem quatro (uma tetrarquia) revela constituírem um corpo organizado de poder ao mais alto nível local, seguramente superior aos cargos curiais então existentes, politicamente e socialmente muito desvalorizados. O silêncio relativo a cargos ou iniciativas municipais ou à própria cidade pode interpretar-se como um sinal de estatuto político supra-local e autónomo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">A orientação da inscrição (e da máscara do Oceano) para o foco de poder da sala, onde se posicionaria o ou os dignitários de maior estatuto num contexto de recepção, serviria de lembrete dos doadores e da doação a essa personagem, que pode ter tido um estatuto semelhante ou superior. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Seja qual for o caso, serviria de elemento de propaganda no sentido do aumento do estatuto pessoal e familiar dos doadores junto de pares e de dignitários superiores, o que se ajusta bem ao contexto de competição feroz pela predominância e estatuto sociopolítico entre as elites do Baixo-Império.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Em síntese, tudo aponta para se tratar de um comité nomeado em regime de comissão de serviço pelo poder imperial, por conta de um dos diversos <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">officia </i>da 2ª metade do séc. IV, para exercer um cargo sub-provincial em Ossonoba.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">A ausência da designação dos cargos públicos dos ofertantes e da identidade da instituição pode significar também que elas não teriam sentido no local onde se encontra, por ser evidente, tratando-se naturalmente assim de uma sede desse próprio poder, numa iniciativa de âmbito interno. <br />
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Uma nova hipótese: sede de poder provincial no âmbito local</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Seguindo esta linha de raciocínio, o edifício do mosaico pertenceria a um complexo palaciano onde se alojava o poder provincial sediado em Ossonoba, separado das magistraturas e cargos curiais, poder esse respeitante nesta época muito provavelmente já não só à cidade mas à região por nós conhecida posteriormente como pertencente ao bispado de Ossonoba e à respectiva província visigótica.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Fica para já por estudar que tipos de cargos em cidades e sub-regiões poderiam corresponder a um tal quadrunvirato, situado demasiado abaixo na hierarquia imperial para vir identificado na <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Notitia Dignitatum</i>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Biografia sobre o Mosaico do Oceano</b></span></div>
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Nas obras não dedicadas especificamente ao mosaico indicam-se as páginas com referências significativas ao mesmo.</div>
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ALARCÃO <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al.</i>, 1980</div>
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Adília Alarcão, Maria Manuel de Almeida e José d’Encarnação, “O mosaico do Oceano de Faro”, Anais do Município de Faro, X, 1980, p. 221-232.</div>
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ENCARNAÇÃO, 1984: nº 35, p. 79-80</div>
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José D' Encarnação, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inscrições Romanas do Conventus Pacensis, Subsídios para o Estudo da Romanização</i>, Coimbra, 1984.</div>
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ENCARNAÇÃO, 1985: 128-9</div>
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José D’ Encarnação, “Reflexões sobre a epigrafia romana de Ossonoba”, Anais do Município de Faro,</div>
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XV, 1985, p. 125-132 [versão actualizada do texto inserto in Conimbriga, 23, 1984, p. 5-18].</div>
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LANCHA, 1985</div>
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Janine Lancha, "O Mosaico 'Oceano' descoberto em Faro (Algarve)", Pinheiro e Rosa (Trad.), Anais do Município de Faro, Faro, 1985, p. 111-124 [versão traduzida do texto “La mosaïque d’ Océan découverte à Faro (Algarve)”, Conimbriga, XXIV, 1985, p. 151-175.]</div>
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LANCHA, 2008: 75-84</div>
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Jeanine Lancha, "O mosaico do Oceano, o único mosaico figurativo de Ossonoba/Faro" <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in A Rota do Mosaico Romano. O Sul da Hispânia (Andaluzia e Algarve). Cidades e villae notáveis da Bética e Lusitânia romanas</i>, Equipa MOSUDHIS (Interreg IIIA), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 2008</div>
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(url= http://www.cepha.ualg.pt/mosudhis/rota.pdf; acedido em= 06/11/2011).</div>
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LASSÈRE, 2007</div>
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Jean-Marie Lassère, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manuel d'épigraphie romaine</i>, 2e. Éd., 2 vols., Picard, Paris, 2007</div>
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MANTAS, 1988: 185</div>
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Vasco Gil Mantas, “As cidades marítimas da Lusitânia”, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Les villes de Lusitanie romaine. Hierarchies et térritoires</i>, J.-G. Gorges (Ed.) (Talence, 1988), Paris, 1990, p. 149-205.</div>
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MANTAS, 1997: 298-9</div>
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Vasco Gil Mantas, “As civitates: esboço da geografia política e económica do Algarve romano”, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Noventa Séculos entre a Serra e o Mar</i>, F. Barata (Ed.), Lisboa, 1997, p. 291-293.</div>
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OLIVEIRA, 2010: <span style="color: black;">Nº 62, p. 194-6 e 500-4. Múltiplas referências</span><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="color: black;">esparsas. </span><span style="color: red;"> </span></div>
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Cristina Oliveira, Mosaicos Romanos de Portugal. O Algarve Oriental. Tese de doutoramento em História (Arqueologia Clássica), apresentada à Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 2010</div>
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(url= https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/jspui/handle/10316/14291; acedido em= 06/11/2011).</div>
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VIEGAS, 2008 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Catarina Viegas, “Mosaico do Oceano (Faro): cerâmicas associadas”, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Actas do </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">IV Congresso de Arqueologia Peninsular </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Faro, 2004)</i>, Promontoria Monográfica 10, J. Pedro Bernardes (Ed.), Faro, 2008, p. 197-214</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
VIEGAS, 2010: 113-121</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Catarina Viegas, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A ocupação Romana do Algarve: Estudos de Povoamento e Economia do Algarve Central e Oriental no Período Romano</i>. Tese de doutoramento apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, 2009.</div>
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(url= http://repositorio.ul.pt/handle/10451/568; acedido em= 06/11/2011).</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
VIEGAS, 2011: 99-105</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">idem</i>, Uniarq, Universidade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2011 [versão comercial impressa da obra anterior]</div>
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S/A, S/D</div>
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Sem autor, Mosaico do Oceano, CD, Museu Municipal, Faro, sem data<br />
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Aguarda-se com expectativa a publicação do volume II-2 (Algarve Este) do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Corpus dos Mosaicos Romanos de Portugal</i>, há muito prometido.</div>
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Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-81608673190575237662011-10-14T15:50:00.008+00:002012-11-21T03:06:33.279+00:00Poster 9º Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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9º Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve, Silves, 21 a 23 de Outubro de 2011.<br />
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Há uma versão PDF <a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/correio/blog/poster-silves-2011-A1r.pdf">aqui</a>, com c 3 MB, <br />
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<b>Localização de achados monetários em sítios do Algarve Oriental </b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Moedas Peninsulares por centros de cunhagem</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Circulação Monetária Peninsular no Sul da Lusitânia, nomeadamente na zona de BALSA</b></td></tr>
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Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-61114149908729593492011-08-12T22:32:00.038+00:002011-08-15T13:23:54.226+00:00Projecto Milreu. A proposta<span xmlns=""></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reconstituição da villa de Milreu na 2ª metade do séc. 4º da nossa Era</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;" xmlns=""><b>Divulgação científica e cultural sobre a villa de Milreu e o Algarve Romano<br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;" xmlns="">Programa de conteúdos para um ciclo de exposições temporárias e para um centro interpretativo permanente</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;" xmlns=""> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;" xmlns=""><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">Uma interessante conferência em Milreu na Primavera de 2009, sobre os peixes representados nos mosaicos locais, esteve na origem da constatação do tremendo abandono e subaproveitamento informativo das ruínas da villa romana. </div><div class="MsoNormal">A reunião então de um grupo considerável de pessoas culturalmente e profissionalmente diferenciadas revelou também factos relevantes:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ul><li>O grande interesse pelo lugar e pela identificação, reconstituição e uso das estruturas sobreviventes no passado.</li>
<li>A total incapacidade de ler as ruínas e de as relacionar com as edificações originais.</li>
<li>Um profundo desconhecimento de tudo o que diga respeito à Época Romana em geral e ao Algarve Romano em particular.</li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Surgiu assim a ideia de organizar uma exposição temática sobre Milreu e o seu contexto histórico e regional, numa época oportuna em que estava a escrever um estudo sobre Marim (com algumas partes entretanto publicadas neste blogue) e em que a tese de Felix Teichener tinha sido há pouco publicada.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Em Setembro desse ano acordámos apresentar uma proposta mais elaborada, ficando eu encarregue da sua elaboração e apresentação, <span style="font-size: small;">que se realizou em Janeiro de 2010 à Direcção Regional de Cultura do Algarve, então dirigida pela arqueóloga Dália Paulo.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Este post contém as partes mais importantes dessa proposta.</div></div><br />
<h1><span xmlns="">INTRODUÇÃO<br />
</span></h1><span xmlns="">A villa romana de Milreu é a estação arqueológica visitável mais importante do Algarve. <br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Para amplas camadas do público é o único monumento conhecido dessa época, constituindo um verdadeiro <i>ex-libris</i> do Algarve Romano.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A importância histórica e científica de Milreu transcende no entanto as fronteiras culturais da região. É a villa romana mais bem estudada e com mais referências em publicações internacionais e constitui um exemplar paradigmático de villa hispânica tardia, com aspectos originais que a tornam motivo de interesse permanente por parte de especialistas e leigos.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">No entanto, esta importância e interesse estão muito longe de se reflectir nos dispositivos de informação e conhecimento existentes no local. <br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Existe um larguíssimo hiato entre os vestígios visíveis e o riquíssimo contexto histórico-arqueológico, artístico e cultural que os fundamenta. Na actualidade é virtualmente impossível apreender a reconstituição arquitectónica e decorativa das ruínas da villa na 2ª metade do séc. IV – época do seu apogeu – assim como a história espacial e funcional de Milreu, numa visão diacrónica de mais de 800 anos de ocupação. <br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Esta proposta tem como objectivos colmatar este défice nos seus pontos mais importantes e contribuir para transformar Milreu numa sala de visitas do Algarve Romano e num possível centro explicativo da Época Romana, a nível regional.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns=""> </span><br />
<h1><span xmlns="">AUTORES<br />
</span></h1><h2><span xmlns=""></span></h2><h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: large;">Félix Teichner</span><br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">Arqueólogo, professor doutorado na Universidade de Frankfurt. Sucessor de Theodore Hauschild no estudo do Algarve Romano pela escola arqueológica alemã. A sua investigação sistemática de Milreu (e Abicada e Cerro da Vila) representa um ponto culminante dos seus trabalhos até à data, elevando o nível de conhecimentos sobre o local a um grau nunca antes atingido, materializado na sua tese de doutoramento <i>Zwischen land und Meer</i>. <span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br />
</b></span></span><br />
<span xmlns="">Destacam-se as escavações originais de importantes sectores da villa, o estudo exaustivo e comparado das divisões edificadas e as reconstituições arquitectónicas e musivárias.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Principal bibliografia do autor sobre Milreu e outras villas romanas do Algarve:<br />
</span><br />
<ul><li><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Acerca da vila romana de Milreu/Estoi – Continuidade da ocupação na Época Árabe, Arqueologia Medieval, 3, Mértola, 1994<br />
</span></span></li>
<span xmlns="">
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Die römischen Villen von Milreu (Algarve/Portugal). Ein Beitrag zur Romanisierung der südliichen Provinz Lusitania, Madrid Mitteilungen, 38, Mainz, 1997<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Uma nova interpretação da área 21, a partir da da planta elaborada por Sebastião Philippes Martins Estácio da Veiga, sobre a Villa romana de Milreu (Estoi, Algarve) – notícia preliminar. In O Arqueólogo Português, IV, 19,2001<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Resultados preliminares das últimas escavações na parte rústica noroeste da Villa romana de Milreu. Actas do Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve 2001, Xelb, 4, Silves, 2001<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Milreu, ruínas, IPPAR, Lisboa, 2002 (co-autoria)<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Resultados preliminares das últimas escavações na pars rústica noroeste da villa romana de Milreu, XELB, 4, 2003<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Breve descrição dos vestígios arqueológicos identificados sob a Casa Rural de Milreu (Estoi, Faro). Estudos/Património, IPPAR, 6, Lisboa, 2004.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Cerro da Vila – aglomeração secundária e centro de produção de tintura no sul da província Lusitânia. In Actas do 2° Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve, Xelb, 5, Silves, 2005<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Neue Forschungen zu den römischen Villen Lusitaniens. In Akten des Kollquiums Vesprem 2004. Balácai Közlemények, 9, Vesprem, 2005.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Produção de tintura no sul da Lusitânia – O caso da estação portuária do Cerro da Vila. In Actas do Simpósio Internacional em homenagem a Françoise Mayet. Setúbal Arqueologica, 13, Setúbal, 2006<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Imagens da vida de civilizações perdidas – A reconstrução virtual da arquitectura romana em Pompéia (Itália) e no Sul da Lusitânia (Portugal). In Actas do Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve 2005. Xelb, 6, Silves, 2006<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">De lo Romano a lo Árabe. La transición del Sur de la Provincia de Lusitania a Al-Gharb al-Andalus. Nuevas investigaciones en los yacimientos de Milreu y Cerro da Vila, AESPA, XXXIX, Madrid, 2006<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Cerro da Vila – Aldeia do mar na época islâmica. In Al-Ândalus espaço de mudança – Homenagem a Juan Zozaya – Mértola 2005. Mértola. 2006 (co-autoria)<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Subsídios para a restituição virtual da villa romana de Abicada (Mexilhoeira Grande, Algarve), Património-Estudos, 10, IPPAR, Lisboa, 2007<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">La pars urbana tardorromana de la Villa de Milreu (Estoi, Portugal): nuevos descubrimientos y antiguos documentos, Gijón, 2008<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Entre tierra y mar. Zwischen land und Meer, 2 vols., Stvdia Lvsitana, nº3, Museu Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida, 2008<br />
</span></li>
</span></ul><h2><span xmlns=""></span></h2><h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></h2><h2><span style="font-size: large;">Luis Fraga da Silva</span></h2><h2><span xmlns=""> </span></h2><span xmlns="">Geógrafo humano, membro da direcção do Campo Arqueológico de Tavira. Autor de diversos trabalhos de história territorial e cartografia do Algarve Romano, com destaque para a síntese corográfica da região e para os estudos monográficos: o norte e o leste do território de Ossonoba, Balsa e a sua região, Tavira e o Algarve oriental e os centros do litoral. A problemática das villae tardias e de Milreu tem um papel importante na sua obra mais recente – ainda em curso – sobre Marim romano.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Principal bibliografia do autor sobre temas do Algarve Romano:<br />
</span><br />
<ul><li><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">A região de São Brás de Alportel na Antiguidade. O povoamento romano e a sua evolução posterior; Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2002<br />
</span></span></li>
<span xmlns="">
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Corografia do Algarve Romano. Reconstituição da costa, do povoamento, da rede viária, dos cadastros e da toponímia. Cartografia e memória descritiva; Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2003-7<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">O Santuário do Monte Figo e as rotas marítimas do Algarve Romano <i>in</i><br />
<i>O culto de Baal em Tavira</i>; Huelva Arqueologica, 20, 2004 (co-autoria).<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Tavira Romana e a rede viária do Algarve Oriental; Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2005<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">A forma urbana de Ipses/Albur/Alvor; Xelb, VI, Silves, 2006<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Portos do Algarve Romano: Tipologia, Portus Hannibalis, Lacobriga, Portus Magnus, Vilamoura e Ossonoba; blogue imprompto.blogspot.com, 2005-6<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">O Algarve Romano em voo de pássaro, Apresentação, S. Brás de Alportel, 2006<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Balsa, cidade perdida; Câmara Municipal de Tavira e Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2007<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Balsa, cidade perdida: exposição; concepção e conteúdos; Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2008<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Marim Romano e o território entre Ossonoba e Balsa; Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, 2009<br />
</span></li>
</span></ul><h2><span xmlns=""><br />
Sinergia de conhecimento e experiência<br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">A reunião destes investigadores neste projecto representa uma mais-valia única no actual quadro de investigação original sobre o Algarve Romano, através de uma concepção partilhada da História e de dois pontos de vista que se complementam: o da arqueologia e o das ciências sociais históricas.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Ambos os autores têm noções claras da importância cultural da divulgação científica de qualidade, no âmbito histórico-arqueológico da Época Romana, e ambos têm prática demonstrada de elaboração de conteúdos correspondentes, textuais e gráficos, sobre temas de grande complexidade.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
<h1><span xmlns="">OBJECTIVOS E ESTRATÉGIA<br />
</span></h1><h2><span xmlns="">Objectivos programáticos<br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">Pretende-se privilegiar o carácter social humano dos vestígios arqueológicos, em detrimento de um antiquarianismo formalista.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Colocam-se assim as ciências sociais históricas como fundamentos das diversas sínteses explicativas sobre Milreu. Procura-se explicar e interpretar o sítio como resultante de longos e complexos processos políticos, socio-económicos, culturais e técnicos que moveram muitas gerações humanas através de um tremendo esforço social, próprio do domínio romano.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Pretende-se também destacar os elementos sobreviventes que são visualmente e esteticamente mais notáveis e apelativos, símbolos principais da riqueza cultural do lugar.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Estes objectivos primordiais concretizam-se através do papel central dado às reconstituições arquitectónicas como nível charneira entre a evidência arqueológica e a sociedade, a cultura e o território da época romana.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Tal abordagem é possível graças às características do local – nomeadamente a extensão das ruínas conservadas e o nível do seu estudo. Assim, a reconstituição da arquitectura (e, secundariamente, da decoração arquitectónica, nomeadamente da musivária) é o tema de maior destaque na presente proposta e os projectos museográficos relacionados correspondem à maior parte dos custos financeiros do projecto.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A arquitectura reconstituída articula-se directamente com a história da ocupação do lugar – através das fases de edificação identificadas - e com as características do seu povoamento, que relaciona o sítio de Milreu com os paralelos de outras villas e com o conceito geral de villa nas suas facetas estrutural, sociopolítica, cultural e económica.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A história do sítio e a sua localização articulam-se por sua vez com a história do Império romano e as suas extensões regionais ao Algarve e ao território de Ossonoba. O contexto regional de Milreu é considerado determinante na compreensão da localização e desenvolvimento do sítio.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A fase de apogeu de Milreu, directamente ligada às ruínas existentes liga-se directamente às características da sociedade romana do séc. IV e ao fenómeno das villas tardias, de que Milreu constitui um exemplo paradigmático.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><br />
Estratégia<br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">Pretende-se elaborar uma síntese rica e actualizada, com níveis explicativos de grau de complexidade e detalhe distintos e com uma diferenciação temática adequada a grupos de públicos diversificados.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Distinguem-se três tipos de público:<br />
</span><br />
<ol><li><div><span xmlns="">Público articulado e com hábitos de leitura, detentor de uma cultura geral média ou superior mas portador de um défice relativamente ao conhecimento da Antiguidade Clássica em geral e do Algarve Romano em particular.</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Enquadra-se neste perfil não só a grande maioria dos visitantes que visitam Milreu por sua própria iniciativa como também os professores dos níveis básico e secundário que realizam visitas didácticas ao local e os estudantes do ensino superior e profissional da esfera técnico-patrimonial, para quem Milreu constitui objecto de estudo curricular.</span></div><span xmlns="">Este tipo de público constitui o alvo estratégico deste projecto, por ser genericamente o grupo potencialmente divulgador e transmissor de conhecimento para os restantes públicos, através de didactismo formal e informal nas esferas escolar, familiar e da comunicação mediática.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Também se incluem marginalmente neste grupo os gestores e funcionários da administração e dos sectores culturais e patrimoniais, com poder decisivo ou consultivo sobre temáticas relativas ao Algarve Romano ou que são chamados profissionalmente a escrever tópicos de divulgação histórico-cultural para o grande público. <br />
</span></li>
<span xmlns="">
<li><div>Jovens estudantes e adultos dotados de curiosidade e imaginação, que privilegiam as imagens relativamente ao texto escrito. </div>Inclui-se neste grupo a parte do público que poderá ser estimulada a pertencer ao grupo A e, em particular, a geração futura que se poderá interessar vocacionalmente pelo estudo da História Antiga.<br />
</li>
<li><div>Crianças e adultos sem cultura geral e funcionalmente iletrados, que privilegiam os objectos físicos e os filmes sonorizados relativamente a imagens codificadas ou abstractas. Incluímos neste grupo uma parte importante dos visitantes passivos, integrados em visitas organizadas. </div>Relativamente a este grupo o programa pretende elaborar elementos de entretenimento que tornem positiva a memória da visita a Milreu e a experiência de contacto com aspectos da Antiguidade Romana, nomeadamente os elementos mais espectaculares de reconstituição arquitectónica e a compreensão do impacto da passagem do tempo entre o passado e o presente. <br />
</li>
</span></ol><span xmlns="">O projecto apresenta dispositivos de informação para cada um dos tipos de público descritos.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Usam-se para o efeito dispositivos museográficos complementares. Numa escala progressiva de abstracção: réplicas físicas em tamanho real; cenários físicos em tamanho real; maquetas físicas à escala; apresentação multimédia 3D passiva (vídeo); reconstituições estereoscópicas fixas; apresentação multimédia 3D activa (interactiva); painéis de texto e infografias de desenhos tridimensionais; plantas e alçados arquitectónicos; e composições decorativas.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A informação textual e infográfica (de imagens codificadas, de mapas, diagramas e plantas arqueológicas) que fundamenta os módulos de painéis expositivos e as respectivas edições impressas destinam-se fundamentalmente ao público do tipo A. Ao tipo B poderá ser atingido através da disposição hierarquizada de blocos de texto, através de títulos e destaques<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">O fundamental do investimento imagético (e dos correspondentes custos financeiros) consiste em reconstituições da arquitectura e dos ambientes visuais do local, em épocas correspondente às ruínas actualmente visíveis. Privilegia-se neste âmbito os públicos B e C:<br />
</span><br />
<div><table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><colgroup><col style="width: 101px;"></col><col style="width: 480px;"></col></colgroup><tbody valign="top">
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Réplicas materiais</span> </td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visão de elementos materiais tal como seriam na sua época original. Modo sensorial simples de revelar os efeitos da passagem do tempo e valorizar os vestígios degradados sobreviventes, sobretudo quando as réplicas se podem colocar <i>in situ</i>. A sua exposição permite ainda a salvaguarda do original.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Cenários</span> </td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Montagens reunindo elementos arquitectónicos e decorativos reconstituídos, réplicas de mobiliário e, eventualmente, manequins vestidos.</span> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Maquetas comparadas</span> </td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Comparação visual do mesmo terreno em escala reduzida nas duas épocas proporcionando uma integração mental da passagem do tempo e dos seus efeitos na paisagem. </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Maquetas didácticas</span> </td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Modelos à escala de edifícios específicos, revelando detalhes arquitectónicos interiores e exteriores e elementos funcionais.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Estações estereoscópicas</span></td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Descritas mais adiante.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Vídeo</span> </td><td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Animação 3D, descrita mais adiante.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><br />
<h1><span xmlns="">PROPOSTA<br />
</span></h1><span xmlns="">Desenvolvimento de conteúdos temáticos sobre a villa romana de Milreu, ao longo de um período de dois ou três anos.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">A proposta materializa-se através de um plano de realização de dispositivos museológicos, em que a responsabilidade dos autores é definida nos tópicos a seguir enunciados:<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Ideias<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">A concepção e projectos de realização da proposta são da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Conteúdos<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Todos os conteúdos são produzidos pelos autores e membros da sua equipa, nomeadamente:<br />
</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Textos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Imagens e composições infográficas<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Planos arquitectónicos e topográficos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Desenho de adereços<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guiões multimédia<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Especificações de dispositivos museográficos físicos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Modelo digital 3D (versão elementar)<br />
</span></span></div><span xmlns="">Os autores podem solicitar ao Promotor elementos documentais e informativos necessários à realização do projecto, nomeadamente fundos cartográficos e estatísticos na posse de instituições públicas.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Colaborações<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Os autores podem cooptar outros investigadores ou técnicos de temáticas específicas.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Pré-produção<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Os autores produzirão pessoalmente as especificações de pré-produção dos conteúdos finais, ou delegá-las-ão em membros da equipa ou das entidades encarregadas da produção, conforme entenderem ser mais adequado à garantia da qualidade final. Cabe nomeadamente aos autores definir os layouts de pré-produção dos painéis dos módulos expositivos, das animações 3D e de parte das edições.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Realização<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">A realização dos dispositivos propostos (produção e pós-produção) fica a cargo de terceiros, a designar pelo Promotor, com a anuência dos autores. O Gestor do Projecto articulará as relações entre as partes.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Controlo de qualidade<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Os autores ou elementos da equipa são responsáveis pelo acompanhamento e controlo de qualidade da produção de terceiros, com destaque para as artes gráficas e para a revisão e edição final pelos autores de todos os textos e materiais apresentados e publicados. <br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Os autores são pessoalmente responsáveis por todos os elementos museográficos produzidos ou contratados e têm direito de veto sobre a sua aceitação.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Eventos<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Os autores e elementos da equipa apresentarão uma disponibilização programada para a realização de colóquios organizados pela entidade promotora no âmbito de cada fase ou evento museológico, descriminados no faseamento da proposta.<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Manutenção dos conteúdos dos módulos expositivos<br />
</span></span></h2><span xmlns="">Os autores manterão uma actualização de conteúdos segundo a evolução do estado dos conhecimentos, a correcção de erros e a experiência adquirida ao longo das apresentações temáticas (módulos expositivos), durante o prazo útil de apresentação e itinerância das apresentações.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns=""> </span><span xmlns=""> </span><br />
<h2><span xmlns="">Conteúdo<br />
</span></h2><div><table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><colgroup><col style="width: 321px;"></col><col style="width: 566px;"></col><col style="width: 61px;"></col></colgroup><tbody valign="top">
<tr style="background: #d9d9d9;"><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Elementos museológicos</b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Descrição sumária</b></span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Público alvo</b></span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>1. Programa de módulos expositivos</b><br />
<br />
</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Módulos constituídos por colecções de painéis de textos e infografias e por edições auxiliares.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Cada tema corresponde a cerca de 4-8 painéis A0 de informação.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Os módulos correspondem a exposições autónomas e transportáveis. Podem ser reutilizados noutros locais e ter um carácter mais ou menos temporário, de acordo com as necessidades de programação.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A possibilidade de replicação física aumenta o potencial informativo deste tipo de dispositivo e diminui os custos unitários da sua produção. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">1.1 Módulos temáticos parciais</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Cerca de 8 temas. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ver plano temático mais adiante, na pág. 21.<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Certos temas são passíveis de subdivisões em módulos distintos ou de agregação num só módulo.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">1.2 Módulo de síntese </span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Incorpora as sínteses temáticas parciais</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>2. Edições</b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Por razões de economia apenas se propõe a tradução das folhas de sala e das brochuras dos módulos expositivos. A tradução do livro sobre os mosaicos poderá justificar-se em termos comerciais. <br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-decoration: underline;">Deixa-se ao critério da entidade promotora a selecção das línguas da tradução. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.1 Associadas aos módulos expositivos</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.1.1 Folhas de sala </span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Correspondentes a cada módulo expositivo.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Folheto A4 a preto e branco, em várias línguas.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Incluem toda a informação textual e imagética dos painéis e de outros elementos expostos.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.1.2 Brochuras correspondentes a módulos ou temas gerais</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Brochura impressa a cores, em várias línguas. <br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Com textos mais desenvolvidos relativamente às folhas de sala.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2 Publicações de obras originais</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Edições com a chancela do IPPAR ou co-edições com uma editora comercial.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.1 Milreu. Guia Arqueológico e Cultural</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Plano a desenvolver oportunamente</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.2 O Algarve Romano em voo de pássaro</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Plano a desenvolver oportunamente</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.3 Os mosaicos romanos de Milreu. Reconstituição e situação original</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Catálogo sistemático dos mosaicos.<br />
</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Situação original na planimetria arquitectónica e fase construtiva.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Reconstituição geométrica, figurativa e colorimétrica.<br />
</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Elementos geométricos e figurativos.<br />
</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Os peixes. Estudo figurativo e biológico.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Aspectos artísticos e técnicos. Paralelos.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Contexto sociopolítico e cultural</span> </div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3. Projectos museográficos especiais</b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.1 Estações estereoscópicas fixas</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Reconstituição arquitectónica e ambiental de 4 a 6 pontos de vista fixos, reconstituídos em estereoscopia. <br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Estações em sítios pré-definidos da villa: postes com visores estereoscópicos orientados para um dado campo de visão, com <i>slides</i> a cores desse ponto de vista reconstituído (<i>slides</i> tipo <i>viewmaster</i>). <br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Permite a visualização a cores e em três dimensões das estruturas edificadas reconstituídas, correspondentes ás ruínas actualmente existentes e segundo um ponto de visão realista, à escala real.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Dois visores por poste, colocados à altura dos olhos de um adulto e de uma criança de 8-12 anos.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">B/C</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.2 Maquetas físicas comparadas, na época romana e na actualidade</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Duas maquetas na escala proposta de 1:100, da mesma área originalmente abrangida pela villa romana. A </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">B/C</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.2.1 Em c. 350 </span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Maqueta do conjunto da villa romana na sua época de apogeu, correspondente à maioria das ruínas sobreviventes. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.2.2 Na actualidade</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 35px;"><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3 Apresentações multimédia 3D. Reconstituição digital da arquitectura, decoração e paisagem</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3.1 Vídeo sonorizado</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-decoration: underline;">Ver esboço do guião mais adiante, na pág. 22. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">B/C</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3.2 Aplicação interactiva</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A desenvolver oportunamente</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">B</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.4 Cenários museológicos em tamanho real</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Encenações arquitectónicas e decorativas de partes específicas de divisões da villa. Destaque para os elementos arquitectónicos e para as decorações murais e de pavimentos nas suas cores originais.</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">C</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.4.1 Zona do triclínio<br />
</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.4.2 Zona da galeria do peristilo</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5 Maquetas físicas de edifícios específicos</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Modelos à escala, entre 1:20 e 1:50.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Com cortes na estrutura que permitem uma visão interior dos edifícios.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Adição de elementos de mobiliário, de produções e de ilustração de actividades humanas.<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Acompanhadas de painéis com infografias explicativas.</span> </div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">B</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5.1 Lagar de azeite</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5.2 Lagar de vinho</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5.3 Celeiro</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5.4 Balneário</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5.5 Templo</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.6 Réplicas físicas em tamanho real</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Réplicas de elementos arquitectónicos, reconstituídos com o seu aspecto original. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">C</span> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.6.1 Mosaico reconstituído dos peixes do peristilo</span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Painel reconstituído do mosaico dos peixes do pavimento oriental do peristilo. </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.6.2 Elementos da colunata do templo </span></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="margin-left: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Três colunas reconstituídas e duas arcadas correspondentes, <i>in situ.</i></span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: dotted 0.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>4. Conferências</b><br />
<br />
(associadas aos módulos expositivos e à edição de livros)</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">A</span> </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><br />
<h2><span xmlns="">Faseamento<br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">O faseamento deriva de da combinação de três factores:<br />
</span><br />
<ul><li><span xmlns="">Precedência contingente do desenvolvimento de certos tópicos e distribuição do tempo necessário ao desenvolvimento dos conteúdos.<br />
</span></li>
<span xmlns="">
<li>Primazia programática dos conteúdos destinados ao grupo de público A relativamente aos dispositivos técnicos e materiais.<br />
</li>
<li><div>Distribuição temporal da carga financeira</div></li>
</span></ul><div><table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><colgroup><col style="width: 127px;"></col><col style="width: 98px;"></col><col style="width: 138px;"></col><col style="width: 140px;"></col><col style="width: 129px;"></col></colgroup><tbody valign="top">
<tr style="background: #f2f2f2;"><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Elementos</b></span> </td><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Faseamento temporal sequencial</b></span> </td></tr>
<tr style="background: #f2f2f2;"><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Fase 1</b></span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Fase 2</b></span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Fase 3</b></span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Fase 4</b></span> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">1. Módulos expositivos</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">1.1 Módulos parciais</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">1.2 Módulo de síntese</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2. Edições</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.1.1 Folhas de sala<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.1.2 Brochuras </span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.1 Livro Milreu<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.2 Livro Algarve Romano</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">2.2.3 Livro Mosaicos</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><div style="margin-left: 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3. Projectos museológicos especiais</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><div style="margin-left: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.1 Estações estereoscópicas<br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.2 Maquetas gerais </span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3.1 Video 3D<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3.2 Aplicação interactiva 3D</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.4 Cenários tamanho real<br />
</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5 Maquetas de edifícios específicos<br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.6 Réplicas físicas</span> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">4. Conferências</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Cada módulo</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Livro Milreu<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Livro Algarve Romano</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Apresentação multimédia<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Livro Mosaicos</span> </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" valign="middle"></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><span xmlns=""><br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns="">Precedências<br />
</span></h2><span xmlns="">Fases preparatórias e de pré-produção. Relações de precedência entre conteúdos gerais e elementos museográficos. <br />
</span><br />
<div><table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><colgroup><col style="width: 44px;"></col><col style="width: 101px;"></col><col style="width: 41px;"></col><col style="width: 26px;"></col><col style="width: 57px;"></col><col style="width: 93px;"></col><col style="width: 119px;"></col><col style="width: 86px;"></col></colgroup><tbody valign="top">
<tr style="background: #dfdfdf; height: 13px;"><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Elaboração de conteúdos. Fases preparatórias comuns</b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>ELEMENTOS MUSEOGRÁFICOS</b></span> </td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>Fases de pré-produção</b></span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 13px;"><td colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>originais<br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Textos em português</span> </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="9" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Textos e figuras</span> </td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>2.2.1 Livro Milreu</b></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Selecção de ilustrações<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;"><i>Layout<br />
</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Revisão de autor<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Material de promoção e divulgação</span> </td></tr>
<tr style="background: #f2f2f2; height: 13px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><div style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>2.2.2 Livro Algarve Romano</b></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="background: #f2f2f2; height: 13px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><div style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>2.2.3 Livro Mosaicos</b></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 1px;"><td rowspan="6" style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>1. Módulos expositivos</b></span></td><td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Sequenciação e hierarquia dos cartazes e elementos museográficos</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Brochura</span></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Textos em alemão</span> </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Tradução<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Revisão</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Folhas de Sala</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Painéis expositivos</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 13px;"><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Legendas e efeitos museográficos</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 13px;"><td rowspan="8" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Figuras</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Mapas<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Infografias<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fotos e desenhos</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Material de promoção e divulgação</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;"><td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Desenhos arquitectónicos: plantas e alçados, <br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">em alemão</span> </td><td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Tradução<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Revisão</span> </td><td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none;" valign="middle"></td><td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.6 Réplicas</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Projecto</span></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="5" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Modelo digital 3D da villa <br />
e do território</span></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.1 Estações estereoscópicas</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Projecto das estações<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Selecção de pontos de vista<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Correcções e acabamentos dos <i>slides</i></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.2 Maquetas gerais</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Projecto</span> </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 29px;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.3 Animações 3D em vídeo</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Guião<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Acompanhamento da produção vídeo</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28px;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.4 Cenários</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Projecto<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Selecção de mobiliário e detalhes decorativos</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><b>3.5 Maquetas edifícios</b></span></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Projecto<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Selecção dos edifícios e cortes<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Selecção de trabalhos, objectos e figuras</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><br />
<span xmlns="">Todos os projectos museográficos especiais (itens 3 da Proposta), com excepção das réplicas (3.6), são contingentes do desenvolvimento prévio do <b>modelo digital 3D</b> da arquitectura, decoração e terreno.<br />
</span><br />
<span xmlns="">Este modelo digital estrutura-se em três níveis de desenvolvimento complementares, progressivamente mais realistas, completos e dispendiosos:</span><br />
<span xmlns=""><br />
</span><br />
<div><table border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><colgroup><col style="width: 34px;"></col><col style="width: 268px;"></col><col style="width: 266px;"></col></colgroup><tbody valign="top">
<tr style="background: #dfdfdf;"><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle">Nível de Animação 3D arquitectónica e paisagística</td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: solid black 0.5pt;" valign="middle">Projectos museográficos contingentes </td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle">1 </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Terreno, volumetria arquitectónica e desenho de alçados em pequena escala (baixa resolução) para a totalidade do sítio.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fases construtivas da villa.</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.2 Maquetas físicas gerais comparadas do sítio</span> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle">2 </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Partes específicas desenvolvidas em grande escala, com decoração detalhada e <i>rendering</i> realista.</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.1 Pontos de vista dos slides das estações estereoscópicas<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.4 Cenários em tamanho real<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.5 Maquetas de edifícios com vistas interiores</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: solid black 0.5pt; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle">3 </td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Terreno em resolução topográfica entre Ossonoba e Milreu.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Totalidade do sítio em média resolução.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Detalhes seleccionados em alta-resolução.</span></td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 0.5pt; border-top: none;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">3.3 Animação 3D. Vídeo e aplicação interactiva</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><span xmlns=""> </span><br />
<br />
<h1><span xmlns="">PROPOSTAS ALTERNATIVAS<br />
</span></h1><span xmlns="">Considerando-se o cenário plausível de limitações financeiras e de prioridades exógenas de programação, apresentam-se as seguintes propostas alternativas:<br />
</span><br />
<h2><span xmlns="">Propostas parciais<br />
</span></h2><div style="margin-left: 17pt;"><span xmlns="">1. Fases 1+2<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span xmlns="">2. Fases 1+2+3<br />
</span></div><h2><span xmlns="">Propostas minimalistas<br />
</span></h2><div style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span xmlns="">3. Módulo expositivo de síntese<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 35pt;"><span xmlns="">Edição de livros: Milreu, Algarve Romano e Mosaicos<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 35pt;"><span xmlns="">Conferências relativas ao módulo e aos livros<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 17pt;"><span xmlns="">4. Conteúdo da proposta 3<br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 35pt;"><span xmlns="">Estações estereoscópicas<br />
</span></div><br />
<h1><span xmlns="">DETALHES SELECCIONADOS DA PROPOSTA<br />
</span></h1><h2><span xmlns=""></span></h2><h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: small;">1 .Plano temático dos módulos expositivos (Item 1.1 da proposta)</span><br />
</span></h2><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">1 História, arquitectura e organização espacial e funcional da villa<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">1.1 Evolução histórica da ocupação de Milreu e do seu espaço edificado<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">1.2 A villa romana. Modelo de povoamento e instituição social e económica<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">1.3 Espaços e usos especializados<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">1.4 Villas romanas do Algarve <br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">2 O Algarve Romano em voo de pássaro<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">2.1 A Época romana em contexto histórico.<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">2.2 As grandes fases da dominação romana<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">2.3 Território e ocupação. Síntese corográfica<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">2.4 Contexto geoeconómico do Sul da Lusitânia no Império Romano <br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">3 A villa senhorial<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">3.4 Lugar de lazer rural, de representação social e de sede de poder<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">3.1 Aposentos residenciais, áreas de recepção e zonas de serviço<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">3.2 O balneário<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">3.3 O triclínio<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">4 O templo<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">4.1 Interpretações e contexto histórico-geográfico<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">4.2 Paralelos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">4.3 A reacção pagã contra o Cristianismo na segunda metade do séc. IV <br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5 Elementos decorativos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5.1 Mosaicos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5.2 Elementos arquitectónicos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5.3 A estatuária. O coleccionismo na Antiguidade<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5.4 A pintura mural<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">5.5 Os peixes dos mosaicos de Milreu. Arte e biologia marítima<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6 A villa económica<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.1 O lagar de azeite<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.2 O lagar de vinho<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.3 Armazéns e celeiros<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.4 A villa rústica e frutuária: lugar de guarda e de produção<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.5 Divisão dos campos e calendário agrícola<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">6.6 A economia agrícola e a organização social do trabalho<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">7 De Ossonoba a Balsa. Enquadramento territorial de Milreu<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">7.1 Cartografia e síntese corográfica<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">7.2 Ossonoba. História e topografia urbanas<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">7.3 Balsa. História e topografia urbanas<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">7.4 Litoral marítimo e territórios rurais entre Ossonoba e Balsa. Sítios de ocupação romana<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">8 Milreu e as villas tardias da Hispânia e do sul da Lusitânia<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">8.1 Paralelos arquitectónicos<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">8.2 O apogeu das villas tardias<br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 14pt;"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;">8.3 Milreu e os seus proprietários em meados do séc. IV. Pistas interpretativas<br />
</span></span></div><h2><span xmlns=""> </span></h2><h2><span xmlns=""><span style="font-size: small;">2. Vídeo de animação 3D. Elementos do guião (Item 3.3 da proposta)</span><br />
</span></h2><ol><li><span xmlns="">A villa de Milreu na actualidade e resumo da sua historiografia<br />
</span></li>
<span xmlns="">
<li>O Império Romano. Introdução com zoom geográfico, de Roma à totalidade do Império e à Hispânia.<br />
</li>
<li><div>De Ossonoba a Milreu </div><ol><li>Visão em voo de pássaro da costa do Algarve romano, da cidade de Ossonoba e seus arredores, do território até à Serra e da zona de Milreu sucessivamente ampliada.<br />
</li>
</ol></li>
<li><div>Fases arquitectónicas da villa </div><ol><li>Planimetria e alçados reconstituídos. Evolução articulada com a cronologia histórica da Hispania e do Império Romano<br />
</li>
</ol></li>
<li><div>Visita a partes seleccionadas da villa </div><ol><li><div>Percurso cerimonial a partir do acesso Oriental: áreas cerimoniais e sociais</div><ol><li>Mausoléus de acesso à villa pela parte oriental<br />
</li>
<li>Templo<br />
</li>
<li>Átrio de entrada<br />
</li>
<li>Balneário<br />
</li>
<li>Peristilo <br />
</li>
<li>Triclínio<br />
</li>
<li>Aposentos <br />
</li>
</ol></li>
<li><div>Zona doméstica e de serviço</div><ol><li>Átrio e aposentos domésticos<br />
</li>
<li>Cozinha e dependências do pessoal doméstico<br />
</li>
</ol></li>
<li><div>A villa económica</div><ol><li>A possível casa do <i>villicus</i><br />
</li>
<li>Celeiros e produções<br />
</li>
<li>Lagares<br />
</li>
</ol></li>
</ol></li>
<li><div>Mosaicos reconstituídos na sua situação original </div><ol><li>Tipologias estilísticas, contextos arquitectónicos e detalhes sobre os peixes<br />
</li>
</ol></li>
<li>O Centro Explicativo de Milreu e as suas valências</li>
</span></ol><b> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------</b><br />
<br />
<b>Fases construtivas da villa de Milreu, segundo Felix Teichner </b><br />
<ol><span xmlns=""> </span></ol><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D4py0nV8qW0/TkW4pwS_-uI/AAAAAAAAAr4/4eHdooeX99k/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-GH.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D4py0nV8qW0/TkW4pwS_-uI/AAAAAAAAAr4/4eHdooeX99k/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-GH.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase GH: anos 450 a 850 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZJbOHH-1GmQ/TkW4rsqRHzI/AAAAAAAAAr8/pKHW1YLP1PE/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZJbOHH-1GmQ/TkW4rsqRHzI/AAAAAAAAAr8/pKHW1YLP1PE/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-F.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase F: anos 350 a 450 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RMxHJNq7wqE/TkW4thJiFuI/AAAAAAAAAsA/rlg2Mcbsh1k/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-E.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RMxHJNq7wqE/TkW4thJiFuI/AAAAAAAAAsA/rlg2Mcbsh1k/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-E.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase E: anos 300 a 350 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VeMiNV8C98c/TkW4vK_lFmI/AAAAAAAAAsE/p38-uh9LM40/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VeMiNV8C98c/TkW4vK_lFmI/AAAAAAAAAsE/p38-uh9LM40/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-D.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase D: anos 225 a 300 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9fgDvYsxDxc/TkW4wmbMDQI/AAAAAAAAAsI/Vynph3d0WIc/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9fgDvYsxDxc/TkW4wmbMDQI/AAAAAAAAAsI/Vynph3d0WIc/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-C.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase C: anos 125 a 225 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WVt0-S0E71s/TkW4xucikWI/AAAAAAAAAsM/vzFWIHc7ZcQ/s1600/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="420" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WVt0-S0E71s/TkW4xucikWI/AAAAAAAAAsM/vzFWIHc7ZcQ/s640/Teichner-2008-niveis-Milreu-fase-B.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Villa romana de Milreu. Fase B: anos 50 a 125 da nossa Era</td></tr>
</tbody></table><span xmlns=""><br />
</span><br />
<br />
Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-27794731931227962542011-08-02T23:42:00.005+00:002013-03-25T20:40:27.533+00:00Notes on some Historical Places of the Algarve<h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">The whole text may be downloaded <a href="http://arkeotavira.com/correio/narratio/Narratio-22Mar2012-R.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Referenced in <i>Narratio de Itinere Navali</i>, </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps">a </span><span class="hps">chronicle of</span> <span class="hps">a</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps">n anonymous</span> <span class="hps">crusader</span> <span class="hps">who took part in</span> <span class="hps">the first</span> <span class="hps">conquest of</span> <span class="hps">Silves</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"> (1189).</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I include here a historical-geographical excursus of some lesser-known places of western Algarve, named in the <i>Narratio</i> and situated in the neighborhood of Silves. The excursus is dedicated to an audience less familiar with local themes. The major place of Silves is omitted, being already object of an extensive bibliography.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">ALBUFEIRA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The Arab etymology <i>Al-Buhaira</i> (sea lagoon or lake) fits perfectly the old coastal morphology of the place, as shown in <u>Figure 17</u>. The medieval settlement stood in a scarped peninsula, surrounded by water on three sides, once by the sea and twice by the paleo-lagoon which formed a natural moat. The castle defended the top of the rising land neck.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KtJ_A5eWiZw/TjiFpN3D8aI/AAAAAAAAArY/iOGQMsBYP0w/s1600/Figure+17.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="546" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KtJ_A5eWiZw/TjiFpN3D8aI/AAAAAAAAArY/iOGQMsBYP0w/s640/Figure+17.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">It is a place-name unknown before 1189, omitted from all Arab sources before the Portuguese conquest. It appears in the <i>Narratio</i> as an individualized settlement, relatively to the castles dependent from Silves:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">It is not part of the list of dependent castles.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">It is worthy to suffer a seizure of property after its surrender to the Portuguese (<i>Albafere...cujus opes in Silviam transtulit.</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[1]</span></span></span></a>), which means the existence of a degree of wealth.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The inhabitants have autonomy to surrender (and therefore, theoretically, also for having resisted), contrarily to the aforementioned castles, which are considered only as sieges of garrisons, without autonomy from the city.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Albufeira thus emerges in 1189 with the characteristics of a small walled <i>medina</i>, more important than a mere <i>hisn</i> village, similar in urban status to Loulé and Tavira. This may be confirmed by the plan of its fortification in <u>Figure 24</u>. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The geographic situation of its territory in this period - namely its separation from the castle (and territory) of Paderne - reveals itself as a small enclave on the edge of the area of Silves, much smaller than the future "termo" (municipal territory) of Albufeira.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Everything thus points to a late development of the settlement. Smaller and less important than Almohad Tavira, it is also ignored in the <i>Kitab Rujar</i> of Al-Idrisi (which reflects an outlook of regional Islamic chorography c. 1100, about the beginning of Almoravid rule), not even deserving the epithet <i>qaria</i> as did the contemporary village of Tavira. This strongly suggests that it belonged originally to Silves, as another small dependent castle or fortified tower (as it can be inferred from the size and shape of its castle in <u>Figure 24</u>, similar to those of places dependent from Silves).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The subsequent expansion of the territory and place of Albufeira, with the inclusion of Paderne, should be interpreted as the combination of the increased importance of Albufeira with the concurrent decline of Silves. This was accelerated by the conquest of 1189 and especially by the Crusader raids after the Almohad reconquest (namely the raid of 1217). A similar situation may have occurred in Aljezur and Marachique (both omitted in the <i>Narratio</i>, no doubt by their remoteness), which would became autonomous from Silves. Aljezur is also unknown in Arabic sources before the Portuguese conquest. Along with Loulé, Tavira and presumably Albufeira, they are all places that only gained prominence in population and urban and military autonomy after the Portuguese conquest of the Tagus valley, growing by the fixation of immigrant populations, escaped from conquered areas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Alvor</span></i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK23"></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK23"></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ipses</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> has been identified with Alvor in 1987</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The original pre-Roman name would be <i><span style="font-style: normal;">*</span></i><i>Ipsis</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">,</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;"> Romanized as </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ipsa</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">. </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">As far as we</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">know</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">it</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">has</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">privilege</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">being</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">one</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the two</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">settlements in the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Algarve</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(along</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">with</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Kilibe</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">/<i>Cilpes</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) listed </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Geography</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK34"></a><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Artemidorus</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Ephesus</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, written </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">about</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> BCE </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">100</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">. Its</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">location, its status as a mint,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">themes</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">its</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">coins</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Hercules</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">/Melqart</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Venus Marine/Astarte</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">allow us to define</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">it</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">port</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="atn"><span lang="EN-US">-</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">sanctuary and a way-station </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Western Atlantic</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">shipping route from </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Gadir/Gades</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uHWXOcRg25g/TjiGw1QEDkI/AAAAAAAAArg/fwKhdqT75t8/s1600/Figure+18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uHWXOcRg25g/TjiGw1QEDkI/AAAAAAAAArg/fwKhdqT75t8/s640/Figure+18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figure 18</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Eight centuries</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">later,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">is</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">still</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">only</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">site in the Algarve</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">identified</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">limit</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the Visigothic</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Diocese</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ossonoba</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">document known</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Divisio</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Wambae</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[6]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. Medieval archaeology identified the extant castle as originally Islamic, and also the reutilization of the pre-Roman <i>oppidum</i> as a small walled <i>al-baqar</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, at least in the Almohad period</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. Our earliest sources on the chorography of Alvor are from the second half of the CE 16</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dTY-KrKTkVc/TjiGBM_fsvI/AAAAAAAAArc/Gt1C85byJPk/s1600/Figure+19.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dTY-KrKTkVc/TjiGBM_fsvI/AAAAAAAAArc/Gt1C85byJPk/s640/Figure+19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figure 19</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Its urbanism of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman origin is remarkable</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, comprising </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Hippodamian settlement (likely, initially a small <i>castra</i>),</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> pre-Roman </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">oppidum</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> small </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">port district</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">where the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">primitive</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">temple would stand,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> under or not far from the actual CE 16 church. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> initial </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman occupation</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">final </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">BCE 2</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) would be </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> small </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">naval</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">base</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The presence</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> abundant </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman rural occupation</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">ancient</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">fringe</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">inner</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">estuary,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> and the situation of <i>Ipses</i> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">at the end</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">access road to the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Monte Sacrum</i> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(Monchique)</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">its</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">thermal sanctified spa</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">reveal</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">situation</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of local capitality</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. This impression is reinforced </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">by</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the highly</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">urban, even if small</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">settlement</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> late </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">development</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">luxurious villa</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of Abicada (mid CE 4)</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">then</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">at the apex</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">wedge</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">north</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Alvor</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">estuary</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, suggests </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">residence</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">an</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">important</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">personage</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">associated with</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">status</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ipses</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">not</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a mere</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">villa</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">possessor</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">. In</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Late Antiquity, the identification of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ipsa</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the western boundary</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the Diocese</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ossonoba</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">(CE 7) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">should</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">lead to</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">its</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">existence</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> a </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">paroecia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[11]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">vast</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">territory</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">that</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">would include</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Cape</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">St.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Vincent and Monchique</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Ipsa</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> would </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">thus</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">possess</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">paleo</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="atn"><span lang="EN-US">-</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Christian </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">basilica</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">with</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">certain importance</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the place of the usual pagan temple.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The change of name from <i>Ipsa </i>to <i>al-Bur</i> is unique in the Algarve, where all other relatively important towns kept their previous names. The fact is more peculiar when we consider the choice of an extremely common and rural choronym ("well"), not adjustable to a settlement with some Christian importance and pre-existing urban traces from Roman times that had to be still conspicuous. Even more peculiar is the absence of a toponymical designation: it is just "the well", without further qualifiers.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">I think the simplest explanation for these anomalies is the reputation and unique character of this "well", so well known by the Arabic speakers that they started to designate the whole place by it. By the end of CE 16 Sarrão describes the shrine of "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Senhora da Ajuda"</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> (Our Lady of Good Help), a place of much devotion, with its "well of a very unique water"</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The plan of Massai</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> - somewhat later - shows the situation of the well and chapel, as well as the beach road to Lagos and the ferry. The old sacred well of miraculous medical and maritime devotion and renowned throughout the Algarve is also referenced by Athayde de Oliveira, who noted its destruction by the tsunami that followed the great earthquake of 1755</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">This was certainly the successor of an older Mozarab shrine, likely of pre-Christian origin, and originally located on the barrier island that still partially closes the lagoon. In my opinion the dedication to a "Lady of Good Help" will date from CE 16; it is a later Marian title, subsequent to the expulsion of Jews and Moors (1497) and the extinction of the mixed sanctuaries of Mozarab tradition</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The earlier dedication is unknown, but was perhaps to Santa Maria, as in Faro, an acceptable patroness for such a mixed shrine.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The parallel of a sacred source upon an island by the sea, such as in <i>Gades</i> and <i>Ossonoba, </i>is striking. It is quite possible that in Roman times the island was already connected to land in some way and the ferryway from <i>Portus Magnus</i> to <i>Laccobriga</i> by <i>Ipses</i> was already there, a situation maintained until the second half of the CE 18. (The first whole overland main road to Lagos was only built c. 1800 and required a long detour)</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[16]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The Islamic fortification of Alvor (<u>Figure 24</u>) stands over the infrastructure of the Roman settlement. The <i>al-baqar</i> is a reutilization of the Iron Age <i>oppidum</i> and the castle joins the probable perimeter of the Roman walls. The Roman street system somehow survived through the centuries, undoubtedly due to Alvor stagnation until late CE 19. Its use during Islamic times is unknown.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">LAGOS</span> </span><i><span lang="EN-US">Lagus</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[17]</span></span></span></span></a></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK22"></a><span lang="EN-US">The site of Lagos has been identified with the port of </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK26"></a><i><span lang="EN-US">Al-Zawia</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, a waystation on the naval itinerary of al-Idrisi between Silves and Sagres</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The indicated distances are however far from worthy and there is not any positive reason for this identification<span class="shorttext">. Moreover, there exists a much better alternative:</span> <i>Al-<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK28"></a>Zawia</i> is described by al-Idrisi as a port and village. The name corresponds transparently to "Zavial", a hamlet and beach located between Lagos and Sagres. The full Arab name in al-Idrisi is <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK163"></a><i>Halk al-Zawiya</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. <i>Halk </i>means a cove (<i>cf.</i> <i>Halq al-Wadi</i>, "La Goulette", in Tunisia) which translates directly to Mozarab/Late Latin <i>Angra</i>, whose diminutive would be <i>*Angrina > Angrinha</i>. This is a perfect match for the unusual place-name "Ingrina", the actual name of the conspicuous little cove adjacent to "Zavial". See <u>Figure 23</u>.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-msHMKFooduQ/TjiHA2nGeEI/AAAAAAAAArk/Uccp-BQjOsk/s1600/Figure+20.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-msHMKFooduQ/TjiHA2nGeEI/AAAAAAAAArk/Uccp-BQjOsk/s640/Figure+20.JPG" width="550" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figure 20</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Lagos has also been traditionally identified with the Roman <i>Laccobriga</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. In fact there are two distinct <i>Lacobriga</i> in Greco-Roman Iberian sources. The first is a <i>civitas</i> of the <i>vaccei</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[21]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> identified by Pliny and by Ptolemy, and also in the <i>Antonine Itinerary </i>and the <i>Ravennate Cosmology</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[22]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The second is the <i>Laccobriga</i> in the coast of Southern Lusitania, positively identified only by Pomponius Mela in the area of the Sacred Promontory, between <i>Ossonoba</i> and <i>Portus Hannibalis</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[23]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> if we follow the enumeration order of this author.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">There is also a reference in Plutarch to the <i>Lacobriges</i> (Λακοβρίγας), allies of Sertorius whose town (πóλει) was located at two days' march from Q. Caecilius Mettelus' camp in <i>Conistorgis</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[24]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">.</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> This would most probably be the <i>Laccobriga</i> of Algarve, by its nearness of <i>Conistorgis</i>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">In historic-linguistic terms, <i>Laccobriga</i> fits perfectly the topography of Lagos (see <u>Figure 20</u>). The termination <i>–briga</i> gives linguistic and geographic information. It indicates a foundation of a Celtic-speaking population, common in the Portuguese southwestern littoral, where <i>Mirobriga</i> and <i>Cetobriga</i> are also known. <i>Briga</i> also indicates both a site on a height and a human settlement which is a fort</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[25]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. It fits therefore the Latin concept of <i>oppidum</i>. The radix <i>Lacco-</i> is considered Celtic</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> or already the result of Roman hybridization</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, always with the meaning of lake. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK35"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK32"></a><span lang="EN-US">A paleo-physiographic reconstitution reveals a large inner lagoon in the Northern zone of actual Lagos (with an estimated area of c. 1000 acres), parts of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">which</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">remained</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">more</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">or</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">less</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">flooded</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">up to Early Modernity</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[28]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The area had a regular Roman occupation disposed around the ancient lagoon margin and the surrounding hills. This dispersed rural habitat is manifested by common building structures and materials, sepultures and some mosaic floors</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[29]</span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. There are also extended topographic marks of a presumable fossil field centuriation in the zone of "Espiche", a few miles to the West</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[30]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Amongst</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">this</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">occupation,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">three</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="shorttext"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">centers stand out:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK46"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: black;">A pre-Roman </span><i style="color: black;">oppidum</i><span style="color: black;"> has been identified at "Monte Molião", a small hill by the old lagoon, founded in the end of BCE 4 and also having later Roman occupation, peaking in middle CE 2, even if the known remains do not correspond to a proper urban settlement.</span> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">While no specific Sertorian military epigraphy has been found, the defensive structures and materials of "Monte Molião" are contemporary of the Sertorian war, and therefore chronologically and functionally compatible with the Plutarchian <i>Lacobriga</i>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">In the area of "Quinta do Paul" and "Jardim" were found</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the most </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">important</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> surviving </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman remains</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in the whole area of Lagos</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">recognized as such</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">for centuries</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The tradition of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">location</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Laccobriga</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">comes</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">from</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">fanciful</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">narratives</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">based on</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">these</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">findings, still partially surviving in late CE 19</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[31]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">. They probably belonged to a late palatial villa complex, whose condition is presently unknown.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">On both sides of the channel of Lagos, especially in the area of the present city, between the ancient brooks of "Touro" and "Naus", was recently discovered a complex</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[32]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US"> of fish-processing factories, with a dedicated necropolis and remains of residential quarters. It likely corresponded to a marine industrial <i>vicus</i>. More important remains were found further north, including the Roman dam of "Fonte Coberta<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK41"></a>", part of the water supply system to the riverside quarters.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">In synthesis, both the right littoral position between Faro and Sagres and the geomorphologic and archaeological scenarios of Lagos are compatible with the <i>Laccobriga</i> of Mela and Plutarch. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">However, it must be said that no positive epigraphic evidence exists associating <i>Laccobriga</i> with Lagos, either in coins or monuments. In fact <i>Laccobriga</i> is the only proto-urban center of Algarve without its own mint (all the other five centers of Algarve, including <i>Myrtilis</i> had mints at the end of BCE 2 or in the first half of BCE 1). This omission is quite plausible if this is the place referenced by Plutarch: as the ally of Sertorius in the defeat of Aquinus, they would certainly have been punished after the victory of Pompey the Great in BCE 72, by political extinction or demotion.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The post-Augustan Roman habitat of Lagos follows a pattern found in other lagoonal estuaries of the Algarve: a complex of scattered sites, either farming or specialized marine stations, some of these with considerable amenities (with a climax in the first half of CE 3), with several "Italic style" villas, among which stands out a very large and luxurious palatial villa from mid CE 4, but without any formal urban center, either monumental or residential.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">It is a pattern totally distinct from that found at places with complex and canonical Roman urban landscapes and rich civic epigraphs, like <i>Balsa</i> or <i>Ossonoba</i>. As far as is known, thus it seems that <i>Laccobriga</i> never acquired an urban status after BCE 70, and that could be one reason for its omission from the roll of the <i>civitates</i> of Lusitania compiled by Pliny the Elder.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">To conclude, it must also be said that the location of the <i>Lagus</i> castle remains unknown. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;">MONTE AGUDO</span> </span><i><span lang="EN-US">Montagut</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Considering the high accuracy of the text in the orderly enumeration of the castles from Silves, by longitude, from west to east, <i>Montagut</i> ought to be located between "Monchique" and "Carvoeiro" (<u>Map 5.1</u>). The only known Islamic castle in the area, laid out as a "pointed mountain" is "Alferce"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[33]</span></span></span></a>. Castle "Belinho" would be the alternative, but its location does not justify the designation <i>Montagut</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Alice Fernandes says the identification of <i>Montagut</i> and "Alferce" is reinforced by the maintenance of the same toponymical designation in both languages ("peak" or "peaky"). Following this explanation, the Arab form appeared probably later by translation, and bilingualism kept both forms alive for a while. However, the Arab form did survive (as did many others) and the Mozarab one disappeared after the Portuguese conquest. Luis Oliveira<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[34]</span></span></span></a> also accepts the possibility of the location in "Alferce". </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U6qgqSCD1mA/TjiHKlnOktI/AAAAAAAAAro/lUoPS-sRRmA/s1600/Figure+21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="456" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U6qgqSCD1mA/TjiHKlnOktI/AAAAAAAAAro/lUoPS-sRRmA/s640/Figure+21.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figure 21</span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Alternatively, Rosa Gomes identifies a medieval watchtower in a hill named precisely "Monte Agudo" near "S. Bartolomeu de Messines"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[35]</span></span></span></a> (See <u>Figure 21</u>). Towards a positive identification with <i>Montagut</i> this location has the same name, a perimeter situation and a strategic position in the control of the northern road to Silves.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">On the other hand, its misplacement in the enumeration order, the confirmed inexistence of any castle but only of an isolated tower (as there were very many others) and the excessive proximity with the real castle of "Messines" in Penedo Grande<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[36]</span></span></span></a>, which also controlled the same roadway (as in <u>Figure 21</u>). It seems quite odd that the author of the <i>Narratio</i> would confound a simple watch tower with a real castle, in contradiction with the remaining known castles<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[37]</span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Besides, "Monte Agudo" must have been a common place-name, a generic designation of peak<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[38]</span></span></span></a>. Its multiple occurrences should not be therefore strange. This "Monte Agudo" of "Messines" was much more probably one of the several watch towers that controlled accesses to the major "Messines" crossroad, dependent upon the homonym castle.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I present here both cases so that the reader may decide. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">PORTIMÃO</span> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Portimunt</span></i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[39]</span></span></span></span></a></span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The first etymological correspondence of <i>Portus Magnus</i> to "Portimão" is by David Lopes, and the subject was convincingly developed by José Machado<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[40]</span></span></a></span>. The oldest local attestation is in an Arabic source of CE 11, where it appears as the <i>qaria</i> (village, hamlet) of <i>Burtimûn</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[41]</span></span></span></a>. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK8"></a>In 1189, the <i>Narratio</i> refers to the castle <i>Porcimunt</i>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The likely Mozarabic etymon is <i>*Portiman</i></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[42]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, an evolution of <i>Portus Magnus</i>. </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK10"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK9"></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The toponym <i>Portus Magnus</i> is recorded in several places of the Roman Empire, notably in <i>Mauretania Caesariensis</i> (<i>Bettioua</i> in Algeria) and <i>Hispania Terraconensis</i> in the area of Almeria</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[43]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, where appears also in CE 12 in the Arabic form Bortmán, according to al-Idrisi</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[44]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The name referred initially to the water space (such as the <i>Portus Magnus</i> of Alexandria) or to a port settlement, subsequently to designate the river. In fact, the estuary is still designated in CE 19 as "Rio Portimão" (without preposition), distinct from river Arade which ended at the confluence of the streams of "Boina" and "Odelouca". The very name "Vila Nova de Portimão" (New town of Portimão) reveals the existence of the previous toponym.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">In Roman times there would be at least five places assignable to port functions (<u>Figure 22</u>):</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">"Portimões". A Roman fish-processing site. The site of "Portimões" (or Estrumal, or Casinhas dos Mouros</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[45]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) is a choronym derived from a Portuguese family anthroponym in the plural form, common in the Algarve ("Giões", etc.)</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[46]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. This family name was certainly originated from their living at the estuary.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">"Ferragudo". A likely Roman port <i>vicus</i>, with former occupation from the Iron Age, and later, apparently, a fortified village in the Islamic period</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">. There was found a Roman fishing processing factory and building materials</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[47]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A source from the end of CE 16 gives an interesting description, which may be interpreted as the ruins of a Roman riverfront <i>horrea</i> complex: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK18"></a>"... [here] are some buildings they call Ferragudo, which were very imposing, and from these buildings, even if now ruined, it shows the greatness of them, because the place was surrounded by walls, and with houses of seven or eight residents [sic], which connected to one another, made in a very curious way, and the lower of them ran along the river. In many parts the walls are overthrown and the houses flattened. Their original condition was likely more impressive than it is now"</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[48]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This could be the <i>qaria</i> of <i>Burtimûn</i>, later promoted to <i>hisn</i>, as the place is already referred as castle in 1189. The most probable location for a castle would be under the fort of "S. João do Arade" (started in 1634). However, several other alternatives exist<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[49]</span></span></span></a>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK20"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK19"></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">inlet of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Mexilhoeirinha"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">("</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Mexilhoeira </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Carregação"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) is the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">best</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">natural</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">pier</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the Algarve</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">capable of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">mooring</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">biggest</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">ships</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the time</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> and the main transshipment site for dried figs up to CE 19 (therefore the name carregação = stowage). </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Situated at the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">end</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman roads</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">from</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Faro</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Messines"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, here was certainly </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> main port facility of the estuary, or the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Portus</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Magnus</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">itself</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, by </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the later historical landing site</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">river</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> ferry </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">to</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">right</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">margin. The place retained this ferry assignment</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">until</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the end</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">CE 18,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">when</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Bishop</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Gomes de</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Avelar</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> built </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the "causeway of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">barge"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">ancestor</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the road to the</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US"> older Arade bridge</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The point</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Carregação"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">defines</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">southern end</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a long narrow</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">bowed cove</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">This</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">localization</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">would have</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in my view</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">ideal conditions</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">for</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">an</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">inland Roman port</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">sheltered</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">from</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">storms</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">from the sea in</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">all</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">wind directions.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">At</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the time</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">river</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">had</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">here</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(south</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the hill of "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Garcias"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">width</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">about</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">three</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">times the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">present one</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, covering </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">today's dried marshes</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">on the right bank,</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">at</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the confluence</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">with the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">stream of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Boina"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Between</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">point of "Carregação" and "Quinta do</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Parchal" a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">second</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">port area is defined</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">whose most</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">protected</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> part has </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">silted up</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, which remains </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">surrounded by</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> derelict </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">warehouses</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and piers</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">about</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">current margin</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The islet of "Rosário". A Small habitat on the left bank of the "Odelouca" stream at its confluence with river Arade, with a Roman occupation from BCE 2 onwards, including ruins of small buildings. Its value as a port is small but occupies a strategic position in the control of river traffic, either as a trading station, sanctuary and/or toll. Leite de Vasconcellos noted in 1917 the existence upon the islet of a beverage shop!</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[50]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. The presence of a chapel on the island with the image of Our Lady of the Rosary (the current place name), a post-Trentine dedication, reveals an earlier religious location and thus also a probable even earlier function as river sanctuary.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">I speculate that the river name Arade (already existing in 1189) may be derived from such sanctuary, with one or more islet altars, from where the Latin adjective *ARATUS may have originated. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK16"></a><span lang="EN-US">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The site</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Cilpes</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">peninsula of "</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Rocha Branca"</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">) lay </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in the stream</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Arade</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, a</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">lso</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">identified</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">papyrus</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> of </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Artemidore</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">as</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Kilibe</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. A </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Proto</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="atn"><span lang="EN-US">-</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Historic </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">oppidum</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">with</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">oriental</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">influence</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, perhaps founded in BCE 5, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the seat of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">*<i>Cilibitani</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[51]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Minted</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">coin with</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the legends <i>Cilpes</i> and <i>Cilbes</i> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">original</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">name</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">was</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the turdetanian</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> *</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Cilipis</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">site</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">corresponds</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">to the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">central place</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">pre</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">-Roman </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">civitas</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">which apparently was maintained during</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Empire</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">whose name would became</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">later</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><i><span lang="EN-US">Xilb</span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> in </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Islamic</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">era</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">and</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">then</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Silves</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">urban center</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">corresponding</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">to the</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">civitas</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">capital</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">is unknown. Although</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> there are </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">some</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">Roman findings in actual Silves, a</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">trivial</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> fact </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">in</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">all the Algarve, nothing</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">points so far</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">to</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">an</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">urban</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">pre-Islamic</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">origin.</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">SAGRES</span> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Tarphanabal</span></i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[53]</span></span></span></span></a></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Portus Hannibalis</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> was identified in Algarve only by Pomponius Mela: "<i>In Cuneo sunt, Myrtili, Balsa, Ossonoba; <b>in Sacro Lacobriga, et Portus Hannibalis</b>; in Magno, Ebora</i>"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[54]</span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">André de Resende initiated of the controversy over the location of <i>Portus Hannibalis</i> in "Alvor", due to the identification of the ruins of "Alvor-Velho", which he attributed to the Carthaginians (See <u>Alvor</u><b> </b>above). Other authors preferred a location in the estuary of river "Arade", nearby "Portimão" (See <u>Portimunt</u><b> </b>above). Others still locate it in the area of Sagres. The issue has been debated ever since, because no later data clarified the issue significantly. Here I posit the alternative of Sagres, a bay and settlement near Cape Saint Vincent, the ancient Sacred Promontory<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[55]</span></span></span></a> (<u>Figure 23</u>). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Portus Hannibalis</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> may have been the waiting-port of Sagres. Crossing the Sacred Promontory from the south could force to long delays in a western port of the Algarve<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[56]</span></span></span></a>. The use of the Sagres Bay as a waiting port in Antiquity was therefore virtually inevitable, due to its unique situation by the Cape Saint Vincent. The difficult sea conditions here would occasion the need to beach the ships, granting full sense to the etymology Terçanabal (* tarsana'Hannibal) as a place with some shipyard facilities.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Its military control would be of strategic importance in accessing the Atlantic, including the Tagus valley<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[57]</span></span></span></a>. Sources from CE 15<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[58]</span></span></span></a> confirm the waiting port function and the creation of infrastructure by Prince Henry the Navigator in the site of "Terçanabal", today associated with the inlets of "Mareta" and "Belixe".</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A Portuguese etymology "terçã naval" (due to alternate spellings "terçanaavall" in 1459, and "terça naval" in 1505) is anachronistic<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[59]</span></span></span></a> because the toponym already appears in the <i>Narratio</i> as <i>tarphanabal</i>, thus pre-dating any Portuguese creation of a place-name. On the other hand, the evolution <i>*tarafnabal < * tarf-anabal</i>, with the Arab meaning of "cape" (corresponding to the Point of Sagres), is inappropriate<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[60]</span></span></span></a> because we know that this point was named in the Islamic period as <i>*tarf al-minar</i> from its earlier name Trasfalmenar, still used in CE 15<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[61]</span></span></span></a>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">However, in the <i>Itinerarium in Terram Sanctam</i> by friar Mauritio, dating from 1270, the name of the Point de Sagres (identified as "nose") is <i>Trafalnaban</i>: <i>Post Cabo sant Vicente venitur ad nasum, qui dicitur Tarfanaban<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US">[62]</span></b></span></span></a></i>. Within this dilemma I am inclined to accept the local Portuguese source as more knowledgeable, even if 173 years later<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[63]</span></span></span></a>. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Excluding the <i>tarf-</i> root, the most probable etymology becomes <i>*tarsana'Hannibal < *tarfanabal <</i> Terçanabal, based on a proposition of Professor Adel Sidarus, here presented </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">with the</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">spelling</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> <i>tarsana</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US">[64]</span></span></span></a></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">original Arabic</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">etymon</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">would</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> <i>*</i></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Daar'sinnat</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Hannibal</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">according to</span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> Abdallah</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Khawli</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">) and </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">represents</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">remarkable</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">literal</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">Arabic translation</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">of</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Portus</span></i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Hannibalis. </span></i></span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">This</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">toponym</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">indicates the</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> local </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">presence of</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">military port</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">arsenal)</span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">, and may</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">be based</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">on</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> extinct </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">elements</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">or</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">just be</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">later Arab interpretation.</span></span></div>
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<span class="hps" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The exact location of the castle of <i>Tarphanabel </i>is still unknown.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">David 1939, 634-5</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Partially based in (Fraga da Silva, Ipses 2005a) and (Fraga da Silva 2006a).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> T. J. Gamito 1994.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Faria 2000, 134.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (Fraga da Silva 2006b), (Faria 2009) .</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"Oxonoba teneat de Ambia usque Sallam, de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ipsa</i> usque Turrem". </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">(A. d. Fernandes 1968, 134:138)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> A temporary walled refuge, shelter for people and livestock in case of attack. (Bazzana, Cressier and Guichard 1998, 119). </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">R. V. Gomes 2002, 133</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">(Resende 1996 [1593], IV, 186)</span><span lang="EN-US">: "The river.. of Alvor is a little bit more difficult, because of the meanders and sands that stilt up its mouth, similarly to what happens in Sirte. But, once entered into the widened estuary, one comes across en excellent anchorage port. Inland there is a little peninsula, quite elevated and flat on the top, where in other times an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">oppidum</i> existed. There still subsist walls everywhere, from the foundations to middle height in masonry and from then up in taipa like the Punic construction. Everywhere on the top of this flat terrain, full of rubbish, walls, pieces of pottery and tiles there can be seen ruins of buildings. Because it has disappeared a long time ago did our ancestors build Alvor just near by in the inner shore of the estuary. We think that, instead of Vila Nova, town really recent was here the so called Port of Hannibal, because of the situation of the place, where ships could be perfectly defended...".</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">(Teichner 2008, 417-47)</span><span lang="EN-US">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cf.</i> (Ellis 2002, 43).</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Meaning a parochial church and an administrative center of a rural territory.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">(Sarrão 1983 [1607], 150)</span><span lang="EN-US">. An acceptable way at the time for referring to a source of water with miraculous properties, but not officially recognized as such by the post-Trentine Church. Post-Trentine Catholic doctrine was a major result of Counter Reformation c. mid CE 16. Several of its principles were applied earlier in Iberia, since 1493-97. </span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (Almeida 1948, v. 3, p. 490). </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (F. A. Oliveira 1907, 97).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> A much compacted but still very long note is necessary to summarize the historical geographical issues of regional geo-conditioned cult places, across religious shifts and reforms.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">It is worth mentioning the existence, current until the second decade of CE 12, of mixed sanctuaries attended by Muslim and Christian Mozarabs (and possibly also by Jews). The regional importance of these sanctuaries was based on the influence of popular Sufism in rural and urban lower class people. Popular Sufism, formally an Islamic belief, was shared by local Muladi (converted) and populations of Berber origin (information of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK48"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK47">Abdallah</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Khawli</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">). Its influence allowed the wide regional support to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">muridun</i> insurrection, leaded by Ibn Casi, a self-proclaimed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahdi </i>(1144-1151) (Picard 2000, 92-100). Popular Sufism had numerous points in common with Mozarabic Christianity in respect to naturalistic beliefs and rituals, overwhelmingly from a pre-Christian tradition. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">It should be recalled that the Algarve existed under a powerful Catholic hierarchy only during the short period of Visigothic rule (From Suintila/Swinthila, the victor of the Byzantines c. 624, to the Islamic conquest of 711, therefore less than a century!). Rural Christianization was consequently identitarian and superficial. Christian ideology may have been reinforced in lower social strata until CE 10, as a political reaction to the Islamic conquest, but without effective coercive power and under progressive social relegation. This context contributed to create an extended Christian hagiologic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interpretatio</i> of a dominantly polytheistic naturalism. Older shrines were then renamed with the names of later Byzantine saints, such as Sancti Blasius (Saint Blaise), Arabized as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Xanbaras</i> (Kahwli, Fraga da Silva and Fernandes 2007, 49), whose barely Christianized naturalistic tradition survived until recently (Fraga da Silva, São Brás de Alportel na Antiguidade 2002, 80-1). </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Al-Idrisi notes the famous example of the rich "Church of the Crow" (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kanisat-al-gurab</i>), where there was also a mosque and where the Christian monks were to provide meals to travelers of both religions (Bresc, Nef and Jaubert 1999, 263). Shrines of medical nature - particularly aquatic - should be much more common and popular, as demonstrated by examples of their survival after the Portuguese conquest, until the end of CE 15. Afterwards they were systematically eliminated or purged of religious expressions of unorthodox pre-Trentine cult. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">At least three important aquatic sanctuaries by the sea are known in Algarve: Alvor, Faro and Luz de Tavira. The one in Faro gave rise to the famous miracle, popularized in the poetry of Alfonso X of Castile, and that led to the renaming of the city of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ossonoba</i> (Arabized as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uksunuba</i>) to Santa Maria! After 1775 this sanctuary was dedicated to "Our Lady of the O", protector of pregnancy and good delivey <span lang="PT">(Paula and Paula 1993, 235)</span>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">In the old sanctuary of Luz de Tavira (a place named "Holy Source", on the outskirts of the ancient Roman city of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Balsa</i>) the ancient ritual of healing baths was extinguished and the cult moved in early CE 16 to a brand new church under strict canonical ecclesiastical control, rededicated to Our Lady of Light. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Other sanctuaries did probably exist, always dedicated to a female Entity Christianized as St. Mary, with attributes of shining light and with broad powers over themes of the third Dumézilian function: sea, land and womb fertility and water medical healing for men and animals. It is only the latter that remain in the expressions of worship after the Portuguese conquest, progressively restricted to popular veterinarian and feminine cults in gynecological and obstetric care (About popular Marian cults <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cf.</i> (Espirito Santo 1990). An example of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">the denaturing "Marianization" of cults is the shrine of "Our Lady of the Afflicted" by the ancient shore of the lake of Lagos at the basis of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">oppidum</i> of Molião. With a tradition of field masses for the blessing of animals, the newer orthodox devotion to Mary was unable to obliterate the previous dedication to "São Pedro do Pulgão" i.e. St. Peter of the "Big Flea", from Mozarab "pulcon" meaning phylloxera and other insect pests! (Lapesa and Garcia 2003, 523).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">J. S. Lopes 1841, 273, 475</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Partially based on (Fraga da Silva 2005d). See also (Mantas 1997) for further bibliography and a general approach of Roman Algarve.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK30"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK29"><span lang="EN-US">Bresc, Nef and Jaubert 1999, 263</span></a><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Al-Idrisi in (Mizal 1989, n. 183 p. 180).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Resende 1996 [1593], 186.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Modern Carrión de los Condes, Palencia, Spain.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Respectively (Pliny, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naturalis Historia</i>, 3,3,26), (Ptolemy, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Geographia</i>, 2,6,49), (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It. Antonini Aug.</i>, 449.3, 454.1) and (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ravennate</i>, 318.15).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Mela, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Chorographia</i>, III,1,7.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">(Plutarch, Lives, VIII, </span><span lang="EN-US">Sertorius</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">, 13,7). The specific reference to </span><span lang="EN-US">Conistorgis</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;"> (maybe Beja, Portugal or further South) is in Sallust</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">Historiae</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">, I, Frag. 119. M</span><span lang="EN-US">).</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;"> I follow here the interpretation of </span></i><span lang="EN-US">(Maia 1987, vol. 1, p. 171-173)</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">García Alonso 2006</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Garcia Alonso 2003, 95-96, n.19.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Hoz 2010, 311</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Hence the local place-names of Lago (lake), Paul (moor), Sargaçal (seaweed land) and Lagos itself.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> The archaeology of Lagos has had a strong development in the last years. Several partial reports are being presented to the annual meetings of archeology of Algarve that take place in Silves (proceedings published in Xelb journal since 2003 to the present day). A partial archaeological digest was published in 2007 (Arruda 2007).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Fraga da Silva 2007a, map p. 76-7</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Rocha 1991 [1909], 15-22</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Edification complex is an adequate descriptive term of a number of neighboring individualized edifications and built spaces in a single settlement, without consideration of status, function and inner layout structure. This concept is useful to describe imperfectly know sub-urban habitats.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">The concept may be restricted to a larger scale (i.e., to a shorter range), as non-habitat structural complexes, such as those found in extractive industries and multiple shrine sanctuaries. In this sense, a necropolis may be considered a sepulture/mausolea complex.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">The concept may also be extended to a smaller scale (i.e., to a larger range) as a settlement complex: a neighboring group of individualized settlements or habitats, without consideration of status or specialization profile. Settlement complexes typically originate around or along a physiographical feature (such as an estuary or inner lagoon), a geological district (mining zone) or as suburban habitats of a recognizable central place.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> The first identification of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Munchite</i> with "Castelo da Nave" near Monchique and Montagut with the castle of "Pedra Branca" near Alferce is by (Gascon 1955, 61-2).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">(L. Oliveira 1999, n. 22 p. 45)</span><span lang="EN-US">. I thank the author for the information about this reference.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK54"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK53"><span lang="EN-US">(R. V. Gomes 2002, 139)</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> based on earlier bibliography. In fact, in the first edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Carta Militar de Portugal</i> (IGEOE, Lisboa, 1952, sheet 587) the hill is named "Cerro Agudo". The toponym does not appear anymore in posterior editions. </span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">(R. V. Gomes 2002, 126)</span><span lang="EN-US">. The distance measured in Google Earth<sup>TM</sup> is c. 2700 meters.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Silva Lopes contradicts himself: "one can see they are mentioned in the direction from west to east, and therefore also in that direction we will seek to discover them" (Lopes and Gazzera 1844 [1999], n. 24, p. 99) but later (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Idem</i>, 105) proposes an identification with the site "Montagudo" in the parish of "S. Estevão (Tavira)", which breaks the west-east rule and has a geographical location absolutely unrealistic and far too distant from the territory of Silves, jumping over the territories of "Loulé" and "Faro"!</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Still surviving, but with a tendency in later toponymy for "monte" to be replaced by "cerro" and "agudo" by "pico" or "picota".</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Partially based in (Fraga da Silva 2005c).</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Machado 2003, entry Portimão, p.1201</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<div id="ftn41" style="text-align: left;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Umdat aTTabib fî ma´rifat annabat</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">, traslatable as "The key to the medical knowledge of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK5">plants"</a> (Rabat, 1990, T. 2, p. 656), from the botanist <i>Abu al-Khayr al-Ichbili </i>(CE 11), who says: "I saw this type [of a plant named <i>Qaqilli</i>] in the region of Silves, in a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">qaria</i> called <i>Burtimûn</i>". (Information of Abdallah <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK50"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2779473193122796254" name="OLE_LINK49">Khawli</a>).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Cf.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Philological Supplement</i>.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Also known <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as Sinu Urcitanum</i> in Graeco-Roman geography: (Mela, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Chorographia</i> II, 94).</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Bresc, Nef and Jaubert 1999, 135-137</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Moors cottages": </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">An early popular designation for remains of Roman <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cetariae</i>, necropolis and silos. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">(Santos 1971-72, vol.1, p.128)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Information of Alice Fernandes.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Santos 1971-72, vol.1, p.128</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Sarrão 1983 [1607], 133-182</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[49]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Such as the placement of the Fort of Santa Catarina (Magalhães 2008, 183-8) or of the Convent of São Francisco/Senhora da Esperança (Marado 2006, 75-9).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[50]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Vasconcellos 1927, v. 2, p. 257-9.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[51]</span></span></span></span></a><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cibilitani </span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">in (Pliny, </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Naturalis Historia</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> IV, 35).</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Faria 2006, 219</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[53]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Partial based in (Fraga da Silva 2005b).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[54]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Mela, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Chorographia</i>, 3,1,7.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Promunturium Sacrum/ </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Ίερ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ŵ </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">άκρωτηρίω</span></i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Mentioned by (Strabo, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Geographia</i> 3.1.3 to 3.1.6) , (Mela, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De Chorographia</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>3,1,7), (Pliny the Elder, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naturalis Historia,</i> IV, 113, 115, 116) and (Ptolemy, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Geographia</i> 2.5.2).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn56;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[56]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Ships had to wait until the winds allow a broad outline off the cape, avoiding both the facing winds before the cape as well as the northern winds after its passage.This situation persists for smaller sailing ships even in the present days.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn57;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[57]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> In BCE 212 the Carthaginian admirals Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco wintered their squads, respectively, in the Tagus and the Algarve (Polybius, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Histories</i>, X, 7, 5).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn58;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[58]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Iria 1960, 36, 49. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn59;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[59]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contra</i> (Iria 1960, 49-50). </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn60;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[60]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contra</i> Fernandes Lopes, i<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">n</i> (Iria 1960, 49).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn61;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[61]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> In a document of 1443, the regent of Portugal, D. Pedro, gives to his brother D. Henrique the Cape of Trasfalmenar and a league around it to settle the new Vila do Infante, nowadays Sagres (Iria 1960, 21-3).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn62;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[62]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Storm 1880, I, 6-7</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn63;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[63]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Alice Fernandes defends that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tarf</i> form was a later contamination (See <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Philological Supplement</i>, below).</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=18495377#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn64;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[64]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> According to (Corriente 1999, 231, entry “arsenal”) .</span></div>
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Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-16841029122866931712011-07-29T15:19:00.002+00:002011-07-30T11:34:29.782+00:00An old lithography of Silves<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ftjCo-r-JcA/TjLN4DpN4sI/AAAAAAAAAq4/reZ8mZHf1Yk/s1600/silves1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ftjCo-r-JcA/TjLN4DpN4sI/AAAAAAAAAq4/reZ8mZHf1Yk/s640/silves1.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br />
This lithography of Silves is widely known, having been published in many historical books and articles about the old Capital and Bishopric of Algarve.<br />
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What is less known is that this image was first published in 1848 by João Baptista da Silva Lopes, in his book "Memories to the Ecclesiastical History of the Bishopric of Algarve". <br />
The author is, as far as I know, unknown (maybe the lithographer Saraiva?) and the view corresponds to the first half of the 19th century.<br />
Here is the full bibliographic reference:<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<div style="color: #660000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lopes, João Baptista da Silva. <i>Memórias para a História Eclesiástica do Bispado do Algarve.</i> Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias, 1848. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Folded "hors-texte" after p. 456.</span></div><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Until now, it has never been published a detailed view of the digital image, in very high resolution, which allows the perception of many interesting architectonic details, otherwise missed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">For the readers of this blog I offer such a view (6355x4775 px.), which may be downloaded here (JPG, c. 6 MB): </span><a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/correio/narratio/silves.clean-1.jpg"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.arkeotavira.com/correio/narratio/silves.clean-1.jpg</span></a><br />
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</span>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-49999660883428979532011-06-22T00:47:00.008+00:002013-02-13T15:36:18.484+00:00Iberia and Algarve in the Narratio de Itinere Navali<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UbM7deiSyHQ/TgE7a_ZDuqI/AAAAAAAAAqo/droHUXKQR1A/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UbM7deiSyHQ/TgE7a_ZDuqI/AAAAAAAAAqo/droHUXKQR1A/s640/Capture.JPG" width="450" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://arkeotavira.com/correio/narratio/Narratio-22Mar2012-R.pdf" target="_blank"> a PDF version here (17 MB)</a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Extract from of the Introduction </b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1763001895"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US">The study has four parts:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The first part describes a classical application of Medieval Historical Geography: the reconstitution of Iberian and North African political geography in 1189, on the point of view of a coeval literary source, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">periplum</i>-chronicle known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio de Itinere Navali</i>. It is a limited application, as it does not include the data of other contemporary documents of the same kind. In any case the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> is more than rich enough by itself to justify a dedicated geographical monograph.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The approach followed focuses on the building up of geographical structures and representations based on a systematic analysis of all geographical features identified in the Iberian part of the text. I confine myself here to the chorographic/regional level of geographical scale, generally ignoring features at the topographic and the urban/built levels.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The second part details elements of the historical geography of Portuguese Algarve related to places identified in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i>, particularly the castles dependent of Silves and the western part of the historical province. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The third part summarizes a historical-linguistic approach of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> as a source of coeval and older history of settlement of Algarve. It includes a philological supplement by Dr. Maria Alice Fernandes.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The fourth and last part is an appendix with maps on the topics addressed.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I must stress that bibliographical references and notes were kept to a minimum, adjusted to the concentrated nature of the digest. The selected bibliography listed at the end may serve as a convenient source of further references. <span class="hps">The need</span> <span class="hps">to conjugate brevity</span> with a large amount of information <span class="hps">also led</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> hard decision of replacing proper explanatory text <span class="hps">with </span>an overly schematic outline based on complex <span class="hps">tables</span> <span class="hps">and diagrams, an approach which will not appeal to many.</span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">For all this work I wish to thank Dr. Abdallah Khawli for his advice on Arabic sources and etymologies and collaboration in the transliteration of toponyms neither attested in al-Himyari nor in Al-Idrisi. Occurring mistakes and confusions in these or other subjects are my sole responsibility.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">A geographical work</span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US">Apart from its value as a source of History of the Third Crusade and the first conquest of Silves, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> is in itself a major work of medieval Geography of the Iberian Peninsula. Charles W. David already mentions the extraordinary interest of its author by quantitative and geographic information, and lists its numerous topics. He considers however that this particular interest, as well as its apparent consistency and reliability, are personal idiosyncrasies of the author and not fundamentally intended features of his work.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I have to disagree, with due respect. The systematic structure and degree of geographic detail of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> suggest a program to collect comprehensive data relating to: regional navigation and geography; land accesses between the coast and Seville (the strategic heart of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Andalus</i>); the military-political situation of the Algarve; and the expectations of economic rewards of any future ventures on the southern Iberian coast.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This global approach reveals, in my opinion, an intention of producing a report on political and military intelligence, in addition to a proper chronicle of hard achievements and efforts. This has been elaborated with a modicum of vainglory and hiding the sordid details of the Crusaders venal piracy, but also excluding tales of miraculous bigotry, so common in the chronicles of the time.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The last Iberian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">periplus</i>?</span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US">From a point of view of Historical Geography, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> is a remarkable example of a geographical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">periplus </i>of the Iberian Peninsula, in the tradition of the Greco-Roman and Arab <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">periploi</i>. Together with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">De viis maris</i> (whose information is one year posterior, even if published later) the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> is, far as is known, the last Iberian instance of this literary type.</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">Periploi</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> are a type of work of Regional Geography, which may also be called coastal chorographies. They describe the perimeter of a region, from and along the sea coast, following a certain direction. They may correspond to chronicles of real sea travels (as in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i>) or to the consolidation of multiple voyages plus the information obtained from earlier written sources (as were the <span class="hps">cases</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">Strabo</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">Al-Idrisi</span> <span class="hps">in</span> <span class="hps">their</span> <span class="hps">descriptions</span> <span class="hps">of the</span> Iberian <span class="hps">Southwest</span>).</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Periploi</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> take the form of maritime itineraries, defined by a sequence of port stages separated by journeys of navigation marked by their duration. Rather than navigation guides, these itineraries serve mainly as as literary system of relative localization in the geographic space and as means of definition of the space itself. They emphasize the identification of physical accidents, ethno-political entities and coastal or not far from the sea towns. <span class="hps">They are completed </span>by <span class="hps">some</span> <span class="hps">demarcation</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">the circumvented region</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">by</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">more or less</span> <span class="hps">succinct</span> <span class="hps">enumeration</span> <span class="hps">of inland features</span>, typically including major path and waterways, as well as distances between the extremes of the region described.</span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">They may finally contain information on climate, agricultural fertility, wealth or lack of natural resources, and on the inhabitants and their memorabilia, with an occasional gloss over their stage of socio-political and economic development, according to the criteria and cultural prejudices of the authors.</span></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Periploi</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> can be historically associated mainly to stages of geopolitical exploration that precede initiatives of pre-Modern imperialism: the control of strategic ports and waterways; the location of easily appropriable wealth; the identification and planning of emporia; or the potential occupation and systematic exploitation of territories.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Islamic sources</span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US">There are strong indications that the author of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> relied on Islamic sources, literary and oral: pilots or sailors who knew the routes, regions and passing places. These sources provided the Arabic toponymy the author attempts to transcribe in Latin, better or worse. An important part of this information was most probably taken from Arab written scripts through an interpreter, such as the overland itineraries from Seville.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> therefore represents – as far as I know – a unique case of articulation of first hand seafaring experience of North European navigators with the systematization of geographic information from Islamic authors. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Original aspects</span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US">For a modern scholar who knows his sources, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narratio</i> does not present major innovations to the medieval chorographic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corpus</i> of the Iberian Peninsula, considering both Islamic and Christian works. It is however uniquely comprehensive from the North European coeval point of view. Besides the extensive enumeration of geographical features, it also gives information on the political and chorographic status of listed towns and regions, an unusual fact in the geographical sources of the time.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">But its main importance comes from previously undocumented aspects, related to Iberian medieval seafaring conditions and to the historical regional chorography of Almohad Algarve, both subjects I will address below.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SXMUkOULA2g/TgSyzP3LuNI/AAAAAAAAAqs/7muIXBjv4X0/s1600/cas1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="422" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SXMUkOULA2g/TgSyzP3LuNI/AAAAAAAAAqs/7muIXBjv4X0/s640/cas1.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The figure shows the approximate plans of all known relevant Medieval fortifications in the perimeter of the </span><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Narratio</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">, excluding isolated towers. Nine fortifications are identified, six corresponding to strongpoints in the </span><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Narratio </span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">and three omitted.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The diagram places the plans side by side with a uniform scale and in their true northing, allowing the direct comparison of areas and shapes. Approximate areas are indicated in square meters.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Areas were measured in digital GIS space, not in real surveys. Their estimated absolute linear error is ±1 meter. Wall thickness is approximate, drawn from inconsistent sources. See bibliography for full sources.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xRqCYf9td74/TgSy1qvAw_I/AAAAAAAAAqw/iXfYN4W7pmA/s1600/cas2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xRqCYf9td74/TgSy1qvAw_I/AAAAAAAAAqw/iXfYN4W7pmA/s640/cas2.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Historical Linguistics of the places of Algarve named in the <i>Narratio</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T59gRDwfw28/TgSy3w6C_eI/AAAAAAAAAq0/xlM24UU-kjo/s1600/cas3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="622" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T59gRDwfw28/TgSy3w6C_eI/AAAAAAAAAq0/xlM24UU-kjo/s640/cas3.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Late Roman and Islamic historical chorography of the places of Algarve named in the <i>Narratio</i></span></td></tr>
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Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-18537373928841120952011-04-20T21:35:00.004+00:002011-05-03T20:11:58.654+00:00Urbanismo Histórico. Uma bibliografia<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Urbanismo Histórico pré-industrial (até c. 1800)</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Pre-industrial Historical Urbanism. A Bibliography <br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">A bibliografia pretende ser representativa e útil para quem se inicie nos estudos de urbanismo histórico ou que necessite de referências ou pistas de pesquisa bibliográfica.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Sendo uma selecção de uma biblioteca doméstica ela valoriza abertamente os interesses particulares do autor, havendo assim épocas sobre-representadas (Antiguidade Romana e Idade Média, nomeadamente Islâmica) relativamente a outras (Renascimento e Idade Moderna), quase omissas excepto em obras de carácter geral. Dá também prioridade ao mundo mediterrânico e à Europa Ocidental, em detrimento dos demais continentes.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Inclui obras sobre as principais abordagens disciplinares do urbanismo histórico:</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Arquitectura urbana. Programas arquitectónicos, "armaturas", edificações e cânones construtivos</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Geografia urbana. Morfologia do espaço e dos elementos urbanos. Teorias do espaço urbano</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Geografia histórica. Reconstituição de espaços urbanos históricos. Evolução histórica do espaço urbano </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Sociologia urbana. Usos sociais dos espaços urbanos, colectivos e domésticos</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">História política, institucional, social, económica e cultural das cidades</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">História de Arte. Estilos de edificações e tipologias decorativas</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Engenharia de materiais e sistemas de construção e de infra-estruturas urbanas</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Arqueologia urbana. Topografia das fases de construção, tipologias de edificações e vestígios de usos humanos</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Deve sublinhar-se que não se incluem, nem obras de temática urbana contemporânea, nem obras de geografia histórica não urbana. Além disso, para não alongar a lista interminavelmente, excluíram-se propositadamente as referências a:</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Estudos monográficos de cidades específicas. Eles podem surgir porém em colectâneas e como casos exemplificativos em obras gerais. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Monografias ou colectâneas especializadas sobre elementos arquitectónicos ou partes espaciais características do urbanismo de certas épocas. Esses elementos e partes surgem porém nos estudos do urbanismo geral dessas épocas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Obras sobre sistemas de cidades e de análise regional do tecido urbano.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Obras de história institucional, social e económica das cidades que excluem o tópico do urbanismo (com uma ou duas excepções obrigatórias).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Estudos de engenharia e de construção de edificações e infra-estruturas urbanas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Artigos individuais de obras colectivas e capítulos dedicados ao urbanismo em obras multi-temáticas (com uma ou duas excepções obrigatórias). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Estudos sobre períodos posteriores a 1700, que surgem apenas em obras gerais. </span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">A lista está ordenada por níveis de leitura, em número de cinco. Os limites entre os níveis são consideravelmente arbitrários:</span></div><ol><li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Divulgação elementar</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Divulgação para adultos diferenciados (que inclui também o nível 3)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">12º Ano. Áreas de história, história de arte, arqueologia, planeamento, geografia, arquitectura e engenharia civil</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Universitário do 1º e 2º ciclo. Referência geral para não especialistas com formação superior que se interessem pontualmente ou tangencialmente por temas de índole histórica </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">Âmbito especializado, académico ou profissional das áreas discriminadas no nível 3</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">A relevância das obras é classificada subjectivamente através de um sistema de estrelas:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.25pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">* Não se deve ignorar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.25pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">** De leitura indispensável</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small;">*** A ter sempre à mão<br />
</span><br />
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: -53.85pt; width: 747px;"><thead>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #D9D9D9; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Cl.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Nível</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Época</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Região</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 217; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Referência </span></b></div></td> </tr>
</thead> <tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Macaulay, David. <i>City - A History of Roman planning and construction.</i> Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">América Central</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hernández, Xavier, Jordi Ballonga, and Josep Escofet. <i>San Rafael. A Central American City Through the Ages [Una città del centro America].</i> Translated by Kathleen Leverich. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Magrebe</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Corni, Francesco, A. Ayoub, J. Binous, A. Gragueb, A. Mtimet, and H. Slim. <i>Umm El Madayan. An Islamic city through the Ages.</i> Translated by Kathleen Leverich. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">NW Europa</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hernández, Xavier, Jordi Ballonga, and Francesco Corni. <i>Lebek. A city of Northern Europe through the ages [Lebek. Una città sul mare nel nord Europa].</i> Translated by Kathleen Leverich. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">***</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">NW Mediterr.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hernández, Xavier, Pilar Comes, and Jordi Ballonga. <i>Barmi. la formación de una ciudad mediterránea a través de la Historia.</i> Barcelona: Ediciones Destino, 1990.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ribeiro, Orlando. <i>Geografia e Civilização.</i> Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Geográficos, 1961.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Golvin, Jean-Claude. <i>L'Antiquité Retrouvée.</i> 2e Edition. Paris: Errance, 2005.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Clássica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Roma, Atenas</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Connolly, Peter, and Hazel Dodge. <i>La Ciudad Antigua. La vida en la Atenas y Roma clásicas [The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome].</i> Translated by Pablo Ripollés and Rosa Cifuentes. Madrid: Acento Editorial, 1998.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grimal, Pierre. <i>As Cidades Romanas.</i> Translated by António Lopes Rodrigues. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Coulon, Gérard, and Jean-Claude Golvin. <i>Voyage en Gaule romaine.</i> Arles; Paris: Actes Sud; Errance, 2002.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">França, Itália</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Golvin, Jean-Claude, Coulon, Gérard, and etc. <i>Pérégrinations dans l'Empire Romain, de Bliesbruck-Reinheim à Rome avec Jean-Claude Golvin, peintre de l'Antiquité.</i> Arles: Actes Sud/Conseil Général de la Moselle, 2010.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Carvalho, Sérgio Luis. <i>Cidades medievais portuguesas. Uma introdução ao seu estudo.</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 1989.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Magalhães, Natércia. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O Legado Arquitectónico Islâmico no Algarve</i>. Faro: I.P.P.A., 2002.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">S. XVII</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Europa</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Braun, Georg, and Franz Hogenberg. <i>Cities of the World. Complete edition of the colour plates of 1572-1617 [Civitates Orbis Terrarum].</i> Edited by Stephan Füssel. Köln/etc.: Taschen, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">S. XVII-XIX</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Dias, Maria Helena, and Instituto Geográfico do Exército. <i>Portugalliae Civitates. Perspectivas cartográficas militares.</i> Lisboa: Instituto Geográfico do Exército, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Goitia, Fernando Chueca. <i>Breve História do Urbanismo [Breve Historia del Urbanismo].</i> Translated by Emílio Campos Lima. Lisboa: Editorial Presença, 1982.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rossi, Aldo. <i>A Arquitectura da Cidade [L'architettura della città].</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">2ª Edição. Translated by J. Charters Monteiro. Lisboa: Cosmos, 2001.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Europa Ocidental</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pardo, Vittorio Franchetti. <i>L'Invention de la ville occidentale [L'invenzione della città occidentale].</i> Translated by Fabienne-Andéa Costa. Rodez: Éditions du Rouergue, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rossa, Walter. <i>A urbe e o traço. Uma década de estudos sobre o urbanismo português.</i> Coimbra: Almedina, 2002.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Teixeira, Manuel C., and Margarida Valla. <i>O urbanismo português. Séculos XIII-XVIII Portugal-Brasil.</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 1999.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">González Román, Cristóbal. <i>Roma y la urbanización de Occidente.</i> Madrid: Arco/Libros, 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pirenne, Henri. <i>As Cidades da Idade Média. Ensaio de História Económica e Social [Les Villes du Moyen Âge].</i> 4ª Ed. Translated by Carlos Montenegro Miguel. Lisboa: Publicações Europa-América, 1977.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Espanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ladero Quesada, Miguel. <i>Ciudades de la España Medieval.</i> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Madrid: Dykinson, 2010.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Espanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">López Carreira, Anselmo. <i>A Cidade Medieval Galega.</i> Vio: Edicións A Nosa Terra, 1999.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grã-Bretanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hindle, Brian Paul. <i>Medieval Town Plans.</i> Princes Risborough: Shire Archaeology, 1990.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Andrade, Amélia Aguiar. <i>Horizontes urbanos medievais.</i> Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Marques, A. H. de Oliveira, Iria Gonçalves, and Amélia Aguiar Andrade. <i>Atlas de cidades medievais portuguesas.</i> Lisboa: I.N.I.C., 1990.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Benevolo, Leonardo. <i>Histoire de la ville [Storia della città].</i> Translated by Catherine Peyre. Marseille: Parenthèses, 2004.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Carter, Harold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>The Study of Urban Geography.</i> 3d Edition. London: Edward Arnold, 1982.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">***</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Carter, Harold. <i>An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography.</i> London: Edward Arnold, 1983.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Carter, Harold. <i>The Study of Urban Geography.</i> 4th Edition. London: Arnold, 1995.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 32;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">***</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Morris, A.E.J. <i>History of urban form before the Industrial Revolution.</i> 3d Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education/Prentice Hall, 1994.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 33;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sjoberg, Gideon. <i>The Preindustrial City. Past and Present.</i> New York: The Free Press, 1960.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 34;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Taylor, Griffith. <i>Geografia Urbana [Urban Geography].</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Translated by Ismael Antich. Barcelona: Ed. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Omega, 1951.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 35;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">China</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Turnbull, Stephen, and Steve Noon. <i>Chinese Walled Cities. 221 BC - AD 1644.</i> Colchester: Osprey Publishing, 2009.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 36;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Espanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Vallejo, Manuel Montero. <i>Historia del Urbanismo en España. Del Eneolítico a la Baja Edad Media.</i> Vol. I. Madrid: Cátedra, 1996.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 37;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Europa</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pinol, Jean-Luc, ed. <i>Histoire de l'Europe urbaine. De l'Ancien Régime à nos jours.</i> Vol. II. 2 vols. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 38;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Europa</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pinol, Jean-Luc, ed. <i>Histoire de l'Europe urbaine. De l'Antiquité au XVIIIe. siècle.</i> Vol. I. 2 vols. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 39;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Guàrdia, Manuel, Francisco Monclús, and José Oyón, . <i>Atlas histórico de ciudades europeas. Francia.</i> Vol. II. Barcelona: Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona/Salvat, 1996.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 40;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Guàrdia, Manuel, Francisco Monclús, and José Oyón, . <i>Atlas histórico de ciudades europeas. Península Ibérica.</i> Vol. I. 1994: Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona/Salvat.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 41;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portugal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ribeiro, Orlando. <i>Opúsculos Geográficos.</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Temas Urbanos. </i>Vol. V. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1994.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 42;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Garcia y Bellido, A. <i>Urbanística de las grandes ciudades del mundo antiguo.</i> 3ª ed. renovada. Madrid: C.S.I.C., 2009.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 43;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kolb, Frank. <i>La Ciudad en la Antigüedad [Die Stadt im Altertum].</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Translated by Elena Bombín. Madrid: Gredos, 1992.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 44;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Février, Paul, Michel Fixot, Christian Goudineau, and Venceslas Kruta. <i>Histoire de la France urbaine. La ville antique des origines au IXe siècle.</i> Vol. 1. Paris: Seuil, 1980.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 45;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Clássica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Owens, E. J. <i>The City in the Greek and Roman World.</i> London; New York: Routledge, 1991.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 46;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">***</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Clássica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ginouvès, René. <i>Dictionnaire Méthodique de l'Architecture Greque et Romaine. Espaces architecturaux, bâtiments et ensembles.</i> Vol. III. Athènes/Rome: École Française d'Athènes/École Française de Rome, 1998.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 47;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Anderson jr., James C. <i>Roman Architecture and Society.</i> Baltimore/London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 48;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Barton, J.M., ed. <i>Roman Public Buildings.</i> Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1995.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 49;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Homo, Leo. <i>Rome impériale et l'urbanisme dans l'antiquité.</i> Paris: Albin Michel, 1971.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 50;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">MacDonald, William M. <i>The Architecture of the Roman Empire.</i> Vol. II. An Urban Appraisal. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1986.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 51;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Marta, Roberto. <i>Architetture Romana. Tecniche costruttive e forme architettoniche del mondo romano.</i> Roma: Edizioni Kappa, 1990.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 52;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pelletier, André. <i>L'Urbanisme Romain sous l'Empire.</i> Paris: Picard, 1982.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 53;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bedon, R., R. Chevalier, and P. Pinon. <i>Architecture et urbanisme en Gaule Romaine (52 av. J.-C.-486 ap. J.-C.).</i> Vol. 1. L'architecture et la ville. Paris: Errance, 1988.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 54;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bedon, R., R. Chevallier, and P. Pinon. <i>Architecture et urbanisme en Gaule Romaine (52 av. J.-C.-486 ap. J.-C.).</i> Vol. 2. L'Urbanisme. Paris: Errance, 1988.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 55;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bedon, Robert. <i>Atlas des villes, bourgs, villages de France au passé romain.</i> Paris: Picard, 2001.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 56;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Osland, Daniel. <i>The early Roman Cities of Lusitania.</i> Vol. 1519. Oxford: BAR International Series, 2006.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 57;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Abascal, Juan M., e Urbano Espinosa. <i>La ciudad hispano-romana. Privilegio y poder.</i> Logroño: Col. Oficial de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos de la Rioja, 1989.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 58;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Magrebe</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mahjoubi, Ammar. <i>Ville et structures urbaines de la province romaine d'Afrique.</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Tunis: Centre de Publication Universitaire, 2000.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 59;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grécia</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Wycherley, R.E. <i>How the Greeks Built Cities. The relationship of architecture and town planning to everyday life in ancient Greece.</i> 2d Edition. New York; London: W. W. Norton & Co., 1962.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 60;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">França</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Duby, Georges, Hervé Le Goff, and Jacques Le Goff. <i>Histoire de la France urbaine. La ville médiévale des Carolingiens à la Renaissance.</i> Vol. 2. Paris: Seuil, 1980.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 61;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Dumper, Michael T., and Bruce E. Stanley, . <i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. A Historical Encyclopedia.</i> Santa Barbara/Etc.: ABC/Clio, 2007.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 62;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mazzoli-Guintard. <i>Ciudades de al-Andalus. </i></span><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">España y Portugal en la Época Musulmana (S. VIII-XV) [Villes d'al-Andalus. L'Espagne et le Portugal à l'époque musulmane (VIIIe-XVe siècles)].</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Translated by Purificación de la Torre. Granada: Almed, 2000.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 63;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Torres Balbás, Leopoldo, e Henri Terrasse. <i>Ciudades hispano-musulmanas.</i> 2ª Edición. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1985.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 64;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Slater, T.R., ed. <i>Towns in Decline. AD 100-1600.</i> Aldershot/Etc.: Ashgate, 2000.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 65;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Storey, Glenn R., ed. <i>Urbanism in the pre-industrial World. Cross cultural approaches.</i> Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2006.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 66;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">-</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">África</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Salm, Steven J., and Toyin Falola. <i>African urban spaces in historical perspective.</i> Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2005.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 67;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grã-Bretanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Clark, Peter, and D. M. Palliser, . <i>The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. 600-1540.</i> Vol. 1. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 68;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grã-Bretanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Clark, Peter, and Martin Dauton, . <i>The Cambridge History of Britain. 1840-1950.</i> Vol. 3. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 69;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">- </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grã-Bretanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Clark, Peter, ed. <i>The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. 1540-1840.</i> Vol. 2. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Presse, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 70;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Marcus, Joyce, and Jeremy A. Sabloff, . <i>The Ancient City. New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and New World.</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 71;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Castagnoli, Ferdinando. <i>Orthogonal Town Planning in Antiquity.</i> Translated by Victor Caliandro. Cambridge, Mass.; London: The MIT Press, 1971.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 72;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Reddé, Michel, L. Dubois, D. Briquel, H. Lavagne, and F. Queyrel, . <i>La naissance de la ville dans l'Antiquité.</i> Paris: De Boccard, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 73;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Fentress, Elisabeth, ed. "Romanization and the City. Creation, transformation and failures." <i>Conference at AAR to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the excavations at Cosa, 14-16 May, 1998.</i> Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2000.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 74;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ferdière, Alain, ed. <i>Capitales éphemères. Des capitales de cités perdant leus statut dans l'Antiquité Tardive.</i> Vol. 25 supplément. Tours: Revue Archéologique du Centre de la France, 2004.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 75;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Gros, Pierre, and Mario Torelli. <i>Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Mondo Romano.</i> Roma;Bari: Editori Laterza, 2007.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 76;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Gros, Pierre. <i>L'architecture romaine.</i> Vol. 1. Les monuments publics. Paris: Picard, 1996.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 77;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rykwert, Joseph. <i>The Idea of a Town. The Anthropology of urban form in Rome, Italy and the Ancient World.</i> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Cambridge, Mass; London: The MIT Press, 1988.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 78;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Espanha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Abad Casal, L., S Keay, and S. Ramallo Asensio, . "Early Roman Towns in Hispania Tarraconensis." </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2006.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 79;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">**</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Grã-Bretanha</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Wacher, John. <i>The towns of Roman Britain.</i> 2nd Edition. London/ N.Y.: Routledge, 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 80;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Cepas Palanca, Adela. <i>Crisis y continuidad en la Hispania del siglo III.</i> Vol. XVII. Anejos de AEspA . </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Madrid: C.S.I.C., 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 81;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">"Ciudades Augusteias de Hispania I." <i>Symposion de Ciudades Augusteias (5-9 Octubre 1976).</i> Zaragoza: Faculdad de Fílosofia y Letras de Zaragoza/Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza, 1976.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 82;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Itália</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Quilici, Lorenzo, and Stefania Gigli, . <i>Architectura e Pianificazione Urbana nell'Italia Antica.</i> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 83;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Tardia</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ripoll, Gisela, Josep M. Gurt, and Alexandra Chavarría, . </span><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sedes regiae (ann. 400-800).</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Barcelona: Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres, 2000.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 84;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Idade Ferro</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Fichtl, Stephan.<i> La ville celtique. Les oppida de 150 av. J.-C. à 15 ap. J.-C.</i></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"> 2e. Édition. Paris: Errance, 2005.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 85;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Idade Ferro,</span></div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Cunliffe, Barry, and Simon Keay, . <i>Social Complexity and the Development of Towns in Iberia. From the Copper Age to the Second Century AD.</i> Oxford: BAR/Oxford University Press, 1995.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 86;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Idade Ferro,</span></div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Antiguidade Romana</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Jacob, Pierre. <i>Les villes de la façade méditerranéenne da la Penínsule Ibérique du IVe siècle avant J.-C. à la fin du 1er siècle aprés J.-C. Processus d'urbanisation et structures urbaines.</i> 2 vols. Villeneuve d'Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 1997.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 87;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Gauthiez, Bernard, Elisabeth Zadora-Rio, and Henri Galinié, . </span><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Village et ville au Moyen Age: les dynamiques morphologiques.</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">2 vols. Tours: Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais, 2003.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 88;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bennison, Amira K., and Alison L. Gascoigne, . <i>Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World. The urban impact of religion, state and society.</i> London/N.Y.: Routledge, 2007.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 89;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. <i>Historic Cities of the Islamic World.</i> Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2007.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 90;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hakim, Besim S. <i>Arabic-Islamic Cities: Building and Planning Principles.</i> 3d Edition. www.booksurge.com, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 91;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Jayyusi, Salma K., Renata Holod, Attilio Petruccioli, and André Raymond, . <i>The City in the Islamic World.</i> 2 vols. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2008.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 92;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pavón Maldonado, Basilio. <i>Tratado de Arquitectura Hispano-Musulmana. Ciudades y Fortalezas.</i> Vol. II. Madrid: C.S.I.C., 1999.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 93;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">*</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria, Magreb</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Cressier, Patrice, and Mercedes García-Arenal, . </span><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">Genèse de la ville islamique en al-Andalus et au Maghreb occidental.</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Madrid: Casa de Velázquez/C.S.I.C., 1998.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 94; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 2.85pt 1.15pt 2.85pt;" valign="top"> <div align="right" class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Medieval Islâmica</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ibéria, Magreb</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; width: 390.85pt;" valign="top" width="521"> <div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Torremocha S., António, and Virgilio Martínez E., . </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;">"La Ciudad en al-Andalus y el Magreb." </span><i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">II Congreso Internacional (Algeciras, 1999).</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Granada: Fundación El legado andalusí, 2002.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-34706535151745369362011-03-02T10:42:00.012+00:002011-03-07T18:24:22.997+00:00STACIO SACRA. Uma povoação do Algarve Romano<div class="WordSection1"><h2></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Este <i>post</i> integra o meu estudo sobre Marim Romano (apresentado no <i>post</i> <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2009/10/marim-romano-um-novo-resumo.html">"Marim Romano. Um Novo Resumo"</a> (Ver os mapas aí publicados e as fontes bibliográficas aqui referidas).<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Na descrição da orla costeira ocidental da <i>Spania</i>, a <i>Cosmografia </i>do Anónimo de Ravena<i> </i>(ver o <i>post <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2006/12/cosmografia-do-annimo-de-ravenna.html">A Cosmografia do Anónimo de Ravenna</a></i>) coloca a <i>civitas</i> <i>Stacio Sacra</i> no Algarve, entre <i>Balsa</i><i> </i>e <i>Ossonoba</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[1]</span></span></a>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Deve notar-se que esta fonte designa como <i>civitas</i> qualquer povoação, independentemente do seu estatuto ou importância.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Estácio da Veiga localizou-a em Marim<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[2]</span></span></a>, tendo tido diversos seguidores.</span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Faço em seguida uma resenha sistemática das ocorrências e significados de ambos os termos na toponímia e literatura corográfica romanas e dos seus possíveis sentidos no <i>Ravennate</i>: </span></span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Statio</i></b></span> </span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">O corónimo <i>statio </i>surge apenas duas vezes no <i>Ravennate</i>:</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• <i>Stacio Sacra</i>, já referida.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• <i>Statio Deventia</i>, <i>Derventia</i> ou <i>Deventiasteno</i>, na <i>Britannia<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b>[3]</b></span></span></a></i>. Considerada como <i>civitas</i> ou <i>castra</i>, a sua localização é duvidosa, correspondendo possivelmente ao forte romano de Nanstallon, na Cornualha<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[4]</span></span></a>, mas com outras hipóteses, uma em Denbury (Devenibyr)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[5]</span></span></a> e outra em Totness, no Devonshire<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[6]</span></span></a>. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">No repertório do <i>Barrington Atlas</i> [<b>BA</b>] – que abrange 24 293 topónimos localizados do mundo greco-romano – o termo surge apenas cinco vezes, sempre em estações viárias, quatro das quais em vias alpinas da <i>Raetia</i> e <i>Noricum<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b>[7]</b></span></span></a></i>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;"><i><br />
Statio</i> é considerado um termo relativamente tardio [R. Chevalier refere o seu sentido de residência, posto ou estação viária, em relação com a terminologia militar<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[8]</span></span></a>], com seis significados distintos [GINOUVÈS (1998) para os cinco primeiros<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[9]</span></span></a>]:</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">1. Aquartelamento, sinónimo de <i>stativa</i>. Forte militar onde habita uma guarnição. [Em Suetónio surge a forma verbal <i>statione[s] militum</i> (<i>Tiberius, 24, 37</i>), referida à disposição de guarnições armadas em determinados locais]. O verbo substantivou-se em <i>statio</i> (o lugar da guarnição) e <i>stationarius</i>, (soldado da guarda, ou de uma guarnição).</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">2. Estação viária de posta (<i>cursus publicus</i>) onde existe um albergue de pernoita (sinónimo de <i>angaria</i> ou <i>mansio</i>). Neste caso e no seguinte, o termo associa-se à presença de uma guarda militar de carácter policial.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">3. Casa ou posto da guarda num palácio. Este significado não forma topónimos.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">4. Baía marítima natural. O termo <i>statio</i> não produz corónimos conhecidos, sendo estes acidentes geográficos designados por <i>sinus</i>, de que há registo de 108 casos no <b>BA</b>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">5. Posto ou delegação de serviço administrativo Imperial (<i>statio annonae</i>, <i>statio municiporum</i>). Pode designar assim um posto do fisco imperial, nomeadamente do <i>portorium</i> ou da <i>annona</i>: o primeiro num porto de navegação, fronteira municipal ou provincial ou ainda ponto de portagem viária; o segundo num lugar de concentração de impostos em espécie. Van Berchen<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[10]</span></span></a> refere a <i>mansio</i> de Pizos, na Trácia, fundada por Séptimo Severo em 202, para a recolha da <i>annona</i>. Superintendida por curiais locais, nela havia um destacamento militar de <i>stationarii</i>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18.45pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">6. Porto de etapa marítima Lugar onde os navios permanecem um certo tempo, por oposição a portus, sítio onde invernam. Esta definição surge apenas em um autor de finais do séc. IV [M. SERVIUS HONORATUS, <i>Ad Aeneidam</i>, II, 23]: "Statio est ubi ad tempus stant navis, portus ubi hiemant"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[11]</span></span></a>: <i>Statio</i> é onde os navios estão temporariamente (porto-de-escala), <i>portus</i> é onde invernam (porto-de-abrigo)]. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;"><br />
As acepções 5 e 6 também não formam corónimos conhecidos. Embora uma estação do <i>cursus publicus</i> possa ser marítima e as <i>stationes portorii</i> se localizem frequentemente em portos de navegação, não há exemplo conhecido de um porto se designar por <i>statio</i>, sendo pelo contrário muito frequente o termo <i>portus</i> na constituição de topónimos, com 44 ocorrências registadas no <b>BA</b>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">O caso da <i>statio Deventia</i> corresponderá ao primeiro significado. As <i>stationes</i> do <b>BA</b> corresponderão ao segundo.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">Por exclusão de partes, a Stacio Sacra corresponderá também ao 2º significado: um lugar secundário associado à função viária, um posto com uma guarnição, sem o estatuto das <i>mansiones</i> dos Itinerários de Antonino. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Sacra</i></b></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">A designação <i>sacra</i> e derivados é igualmente rara no <i>Ravennate</i>, surgindo apenas três vezes nesta obra, que pretende enumerar toda a toponímia do mundo conhecido da época:</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• <i>Stacio Sacra</i>, no Algarve, de que não há outra notícia.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• <i>Issa Sacra</i>, ilha da Dalmácia [<b>RAV </b>101.3], sobre a qual não se dispõe de mais informação.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• <i>Sacraria </i>[<b>RAV </b>129.54],<i> Sacria </i>[<b>RAV </b>84.5],<i> Sacrata </i>[<b>RAV </b>68.35; 117.35] (três ortografias para o mesmo local): <i>ad sacraria</i>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">O termo surge, nos casos identificados, com os seus três significados mais usuais:</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• Um lugar sagrado, isto é, dedicada a uma divindade ou reservada como território funerário (<i>Issa Sacra</i>, na segunda acepção como a <i>Insula Sacra</i> entre Portus e Ostia, na foz do Tibre).</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• Uma estação viária de peregrinação nas proximidades de um santuário importante (<i>ad sacraria</i>)</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 125%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 125%;">• Um recinto-santuário onde abundam <i>sacrae</i>, isto é, pequenas capelas, oratórios ou altares dedicados a uma ou mais divindades (<i>Sacraria</i>,<i> Sacria</i>,<i> Sacrata</i>)</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span></div><br />
<h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anacronismo paleocristão</span></h2><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Demonstra-se em seguida que a atribuição de um sentido paleocristão ao topónimo é virtualmente impossível, por anacronismo antecipatório. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;">De facto, a identificação do templo e necrópole de Marim com a <i>Stacio Sacra </i>(paleocristã) baseia-se nas três teses apresentadas e rebatidas na tabela seguinte:</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.18%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Tese</span></span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.82%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Crítica</span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.18%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A <i>Stacio Sacra</i> do <i>Ravennate</i> diria respeito a um lugar de culto cristão entre <i>Balsa</i> e <i>Ossonoba</i>.</span></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.82%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A toponímia paleocristã – que só se começa a divulgar a partir do séc. VII – está ausente no <i>Ravennate</i>, com uma única excepção, que é <i>Christopolis</i>, referida como sendo o novo nome de <i>Neapolis</i> (hoje Kavála, na Grécia, prov. Macedónia).</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A renomeação é apenas de finais do séc. VI ou inícios do séc. VII, após a destruição da cidade vizinha de Philippi (sede da 1ª igreja cristã na Europa fundada por Paulo c. 49-50 e importante centro cristão) por um terramoto e transferência da sua sede episcopal para Neapolis. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Será assim quase contemporânea do <i>Ravennate</i>, datado por Schnetz entre 638 e 678. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">É, tanto quanto se sabe, o primeiro topónimo cristão registado nas fontes escritas.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Abundam em contrapartida os topónimos "pagãos". Indicam-se os principais e o respectivo nº de ocorrências: Afrodite (5), Apolo (14), Asclépio (1), Diana (5), Dioníso (3), Hércules (18), Hades (1), Jano (2), Isis (2), Júpiter (1), Minerva (4), Neptuno (1), Príapo (1), Saturno (2), Vénus (2).</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">É portanto anacrónica a atribuição de um significado cristão à toponímia do <i>Ravennate</i>, quer pela data em que foi escrito como por a esmagadora maioria dos topónimos serem de fontes muito anteriores.</span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.18%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A necrópole e o lugar situar-se-iam na vizinhança próxima da via romana de <i>Balsa</i> a <i>Ossonoba</i>, sendo portanto uma <i>statio</i> dessa via.</span></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.82%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A teoria da localização da necrópole/igreja de Marim junto à via romana entre <i>Balsa</i> e <i>Ossonoba</i>, factor justificativo para uma <i>statio</i> viária não tem fundamento. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">De facto, e seguindo o cânone de localização das <i>villae</i> rústicas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[12]</span></span></a>, Marim romano surge marcadamente afastado do trajecto da via principal da época, ligado a ela por <i>diverticula</i> bem identificados [Ver tabelas de distâncias viária, mais adiante]. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A estrada actual, anacronicamente identificada com a via romana, só foi aberta após a construção da ponte de Marim pelo bispo Francisco Gomes do Avelar, em 1817<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[13]</span></span></a>. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Esta nova estrada, antepassada da EN 125, atravessa o páleo-estuário do Tronco no sítio de Alfandanga, usando a Ponte da Tabueira, igualmente moderna [posterior a 1800]. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Na época romana este estuário estava ainda activo e era intransponível por estrada até a jusante de Areias, segundo indica claramente a topografia local e a presença da <i>figlina</i> de Alfanxia e do concheiro romano de Murtais. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Ainda na Idade Média islâmica a zona de Alfandanga estava alagada, como indica a sua raiz etimológica árabe <i>al-handaq</i>, com o significado de lodo ou água estagnada (donde deriva a palavra espanhola <i>fango</i>)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[14]</span></span></a>.</span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.18%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Marim é uma designação medieval que terá encoberto o topónimo anterior</span></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.82%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">A manutenção dos topónimos tardios Marim e Sambada (Milreu) revelam a sua manutenção como núcleos residenciais tardios de <i>possessores</i> abastados, descartando a sua especialização religiosa tardo-romana:</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 116%;">Marim</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Marim é já é assim designado no foral de Faro, de D. Afonso III, datado de 1266: "retineo m(ih)i ... om(n)es ficulneas d(e) Mari(m)"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[15]</span></span></a>, revelando tratar-se de um topónimo de origem moçárabe ou anterior. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Era então uma propriedade rural importante – produtora de figos – sendo esta situação e o nome na sua forma moçárabe seguramente anteriores à conquista portuguesa.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Marim aparece também designado como Vila Marim (<i>Villamarín</i>, em espanhol) no mapa e memória descritiva do Atlas de Pedro Teixeira<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[16]</span></span></a>, podendo revelar a memória toponímica da <i>villa</i> romana, situação de que se conhecem vários exemplos no Algarve.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">De facto, Marim é a evolução de um genitivo de posse do antropónimo MARINU, nome de <i>possessor</i> latino. O topónimo original seria *<i>Villa Marini</i>, forma relativamente tardia que, sem informação complementar, pode ser datado entre os sécs. IV e VII<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[17]</span></span></a>.</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 116%;">Sambada</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Na vizinhança das ruínas de Milreu sobrevive o microtopónimo "Sambada", como corónimo de lugar e designação de propriedade (Monte da Sambada), hoje recoberto pelo novo topónimo "Coiro da Burra".</span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Trata-se de uma variante privativa do grego, em uso na Gália e na Germânia, do cogn. <i>Sabbatus</i> de origem hebraica e retirado do calendário cristão.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[18]</span></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Sambada derivará assim de *<i>Villa Sambata</i>, correspondendo a um dos <i>possessores </i>mais tardios da <i>villa</i> de Milreu. </span></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 116%; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 116%;">Este último topónimo é posterior, de etimologia germânica, mas desconhece-se a época da sua formação. A sua primeira atestação data de 1518, na forma "quintã" de Milreu<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[19]</span></span></a>.</span></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pode-se assim descartar definitivamente a hipótese de identificação de Marim (ou de Milreu) com a <i>Stacio Sacra</i>, na acepção paleocristã defendida por Estácio da Veiga e Dennis Graen.</span><br />
<br />
</div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Stacio Sacra</b></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">A <i>Stacio Sacra</i> no <i>Ravennate</i> deve corresponder, por conseguinte, a um importante santuário pré-cristão, em que a relevância corográfica pode ser dupla: religiosa, pela importância do culto no local, e viária, pela sua posição notável na rede de transportes: entroncamento, vau importante ou término.</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">O uso de <i>statio</i> como designado toponímico explícito sugere que o povoado era mais que um ponto de acesso ao santuário, pois carácter de <i>statio</i> prevalece sobre o de sacra, simples designação toponímica (caso contrário o topónimo seria <i>ad Sacrum</i> ou algo semelhante). </span></div><span style="font-size: small;">A forma sugere também que o santuário se situava afastado do povoado (senão o topónimo seria provavelmente apenas <i>Sacrum</i> ou uma sua variante ou teria apenas a designação da dedicação religiosa, como sucede na grande maioria dos sítios religiosos).</span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"></div><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Localização</span></h2><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-eiBcTEzsCbI/TW5p9NbvUYI/AAAAAAAAAps/mEVpIxIZLf8/s1600/slide+1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-eiBcTEzsCbI/TW5p9NbvUYI/AAAAAAAAAps/mEVpIxIZLf8/s640/slide+1.JPG" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h2><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Ao analisar as hipóteses da <i>Stacio Sacra</i> se situar efectivamente entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e <i>Balsa</i>, verifica-se que Marim e Moncarapacho são as únicas duas aglomerações secundárias romanas existentes entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e <i>Balsa</i> e que os principais santuários são o Monte Figo/Cerro da Cabeça e a Fonte Santa, considerando-se este último como um santuário médico suburbano de <i>Balsa.</i></span></span></div><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. Marim</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Segundo a presente reconstituição do sítio romano de Marim e das suas ligações viárias, o seu porto surge directamente ligado a Moncarapacho, sítio adiante abordado como localização mais provável da <i>Stacio Sacra</i>.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Conjecturalmente, Marim poderia ter sido então um lugar de devoção secundária do referido santuário e interface portuário de um eventual trânsito de peregrinos transportados por via marítima.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">A sua designação como <i>Stacio Sacra </i>passaria assim a ter sentido coronímico e lógica histórico-geográfica, como porto-de-escala (acepção nº 6 de <i>statio</i>, acima descrita) associado a um importante santuário marítimo regional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Para aceitar esta conjectura, deve igualmente aceitar-se que a ausência do termo <i>statio</i></span> com sentido portuário nas corografias e listas toponímicas tardias se deverá apenas a insuficiências documentais. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">A <i>Stacio Sacra</i> do <i>Ravennate</i> seria então a sua única abonação literária, correspondendo a uma designação de meados do séc. IV, cronologicamente bem ajustada à última fase florescente da estação portuária e fiscal de Marim.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Esta possibilidade não é contraditória com a sobrevivência de Marim como antropotónimo de <i>possessor</i>, se se tiver em conta que este se pode ter formado apenas mais tarde, já após o final do domínio romano, entre os sécs. V e VII<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> </span><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="vertical-align: baseline;">(mais</span></span> especificamente no séc. V, época de ocupação paleocristã da antiga necrópole romana).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Embora consideravelmente rebuscada e forçada, a hipótese da <i>Stacio Sacra </i>se situar em Marim não se deve assim excluir definitivamente.</span></div><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></h2><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. Moncarapacho</span></h2><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Sobre a alternativa de Moncarapacho, o seu conhecimento arqueológico é muito limitado mas o que se sabe é significativo, com a maior densidade de estações romanas da região e uma importante necrópole tardia. </span></span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">O post <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2008/09/teste.html">"Arqueologia do Concelho de Olhão"</a> apresenta um catálogo das estações arqueológicas do concelho de Olhão, com destaque para as da freguesia de Moncarapacho e identificadas por J. Fernandes Mascarenhas. Na actual área urbana e periferia da povoação contam-se 18 estações romanas e tardo-antigas.<br />
</span></span></div><h3 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Centro viário</span></h3><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">A reconstituição da rede viária e da corografia local – apresentada no texto – revela<span style="color: black;"> também uma disposição dos arruamentos integrada na centuriação de <i>Balsa</i> </span>e o centro da povoação como um nó viário de primeira grandeza, que unia três <i>mansiones</i> do "Itinerário de Antonino" <i>de Esuri Pace lulia</i>: <i>Ossonoba, Balsa</i> e <i>Arannis</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_Ref236886904"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><i><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b><span style="color: black;">[20]</span></b></span></i></span></a><i>,</i> esta última identificada em Santa Bárbara de Padrões (Castro Verde, Beja). </span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Situa-se ainda na vizinhança imediata dos santuários do Monte Figo e do Cerro da Cabeça e a eles ligado por vias romanas identificadas pelos seus vestígios.</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">De acordo com o estudo, a rede viária principal entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e <i>Balsa </i>estrutura-se como uma junção topologicamente triangular, a cujos vértices se ligam os eixos das três direcções fundamentais:</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Para ocidente, o vértice de <i>Ossonoba</i> corresponde a Quatrim, que se liga também ao porto de Marim. Entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e Quatrim a via corria por S. Luís, S. Cristóvão e João de Ourém. A ligação desta via à <i>villa</i> de Marim fazia-se na Casinha da Gala, por Piares. </span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Para oriente, o vértice de <i>Balsa </i>corresponde ao antigo santuário da Fonte Santa, no actual lugar do Livramento. Entre a cidade e o santuário a via passava a norte da colina do Pinheiro, por um caminho onde se identificaram indícios de calçada.</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Para norte, o vértice de <i>Arannis</i> corresponde a Moncarapacho. A via para S. Bárbara de Padrões tem vestígios importantes em Vale da Serra e Ribeiro do Lagar, passando por Porto Carvalhoso, Fronteira, Mealha, Monte da Estrada, S. Pedro de Solis e Caiada, onde </span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">também há vestígios.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;">A ligação mais litoral entre os vértices de Quatrim e da Fonte Santa fazia-se por uma das Canadas de Bias, passando pela Ribeira das Fontes Santas e Fuzeta, devendo cruzar o então importante esteiro do Tronco. Entre Bias e Fuzeta há notícia de vestígios de calçada. O sítio das Fontes Santas é o lugar de achamento do termo augustal e miliário de Bias, exactamente a 10 <i>m.p. </i>(<i>milia passuum</i>) de <i>Ossonoba</i>, o que confere com a sua inscrição.</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesta reconstituição – feita em grande parte sobre troços de caminhos ainda existentes em 1950 – a distância entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e <i>Balsa</i> é de 16 <i>m.p.</i> romanas<i> </i>(tanto por Moncarapacho como por Bias) e a distância de <i>Ossonoba </i>a S. Bárbara de Padrões (<i>Arannis</i>), por Moncarapacho, é de 60 <i>m.p</i>. Estes valores correspondem exactamente aos indicados nas etapas respectivas do <i>Itinerário de Antonino</i> <i>item de Esuri Pace lulia</i> acima referido<i>.</i> </span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">A tabela seguinte indica as distâncias empíricas dos principais troços viários reconstituídos. Ela mostra haver uma concordância exacta das medições dos trajectos identificados (erro <½ <i>m.p.</i>), tanto com o valor indicado no termo augustal de Bias como com as distâncias das etapas do Itinerário de Antonino XXI, de <i>Balsa</i> a <i>Ossonoba</i> e de <i>Ossonoba</i> a <i>Arannis</i>: </span></div><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 4.85pt 4.85pt -2.25pt; width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(224, 224, 224); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Nº</b></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(224, 224, 224); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 77.26%;" width="77%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Trajecto</b></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(224, 224, 224); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 18.92%;" width="18%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Distância</b>*</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(224, 224, 224); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">km</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(224, 224, 224); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">m.p.**</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="5" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">De <i>Ossonoba</i> ao termo municipal oriental</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">01</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba </i>– Quatrim poente</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por S. Cristóvão e João de Ourém</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">11.8</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">8.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">02</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quatrim poente – Bias (Rib. Fontes Santas)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Canada de Bias</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3.0</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">03</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba – </i>Bias (Rib. Fontes Santas)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Quatrim poente e Canada de Bias (01+02)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">14.8 </span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Termo e miliário de Bias</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="5" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">De <i>Ossonoba</i> a <i>Arannis</i></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">04</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quatrim poente – Moncarapacho</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">4.5</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">05</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba – </i>Moncarapacho</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Quatrim (01+04)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">16.3</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">11.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: 2;"></span>06</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba</i>-Santa Bárbara de Padrões</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Moncarapacho (05), Calçadas de Vale da Serra e Rib. dos Lagares, Porto Carvalhoso, Fronteira, Mealha, Monte da Estrada, S. Pedro de Solis, Caiada, Sete</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">88.9</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">60.1</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba </i>– <i>Aranni</i> (3ª etapa do It. Antonino XXI)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">60</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="5" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">De <i>Ossonoba</i> a <i>Balsa</i></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">07</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bias (Rib. Fontes Santas) – Fonte Santa </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Fuseta e Esteiro do Tronco </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.93</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">4.7</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">08</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Moncarapacho – Gião (Marco?) </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.60</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.3</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">09</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gião (Marco?) – Fonte Santa</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5.09</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3.5</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"><span style="height: 72px; left: 552px; position: absolute; top: -318px; width: 47px;"></span></span>10</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fonte Santa – Balsa</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2.11</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.4</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: 3;"><span style="height: 57px; left: 549px; position: absolute; top: -336px; width: 54px;"></span></span>11</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba </i>– <i>Balsa</i> (com passagem fluvial pelo Esteiro do Tronco)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Bias (Rib. Fontes Santas) e Fonte Santa (03+07+10) </span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">23.8</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">16.1</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">12</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Ossonoba </i>– <i>Balsa</i> (trajecto seco por Moncarapacho)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Moncarapacho, Gião e Fonte Santa (05+08+09+10)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">24.1</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">16.3</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Balsa – Ossonoba </i>(2ª etapa do It. Antonino XXI)</span></div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 204, 153); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">16</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="5" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Acessos de Balsa</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">13</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Balsa – Bias (Rib. Fontes Santas)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Fonte Santa (10+07)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">9.04</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.1</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">14</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Balsa – Gião (top. "Marco" = 5 m.p. desde <i>Balsa</i>?)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Fonte Santa (10+09)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">7.20</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">4.9</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">15</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Balsa – Moncarapacho</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.54%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Fonte Santa e Gião (14+08)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">7.80</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5.2</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="5" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Acessos de Marim</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">16</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marim – Casinha da Gala</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.52%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Acesso poente à via de <i>Ossonoba</i></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.68</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.1</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">17</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marim – Quatrim nascente</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.52%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Acesso norte à via de <i>Ossonoba</i></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.55</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 3.82%;" width="3%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">18</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.72%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Marim – Moncarapacho</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 38.52%;" width="38%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Por Quatrim nascente (17)</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 7.18%;" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5.49</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 11.74%;" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3.7</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 20.95pt;"> <td colspan="5" style="border: medium none; height: 20.95pt; padding: 1.15pt 4.25pt; width: 100%;" valign="bottom" width="100%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 2pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> * Distâncias empíricas medidas sobre cartografia georreferenciada (erro máximo estimado inferior a 100 m)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 2pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">** <i>milia passuum.</i> Milha romana de 1479 m</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moncarapacho define-se assim como o lugar apropriado para uma <i>statio</i> viária (posto policial e fiscal mantido por militares e frequentemente associado a uma <i>mutatio</i> do <i>cursus publicus</i>) da via mais importante da região, num povoado de serviço aos santuários mais importantes dos aros de <i>Ossonoba </i>e de <i>Balsa</i>. <br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Destaca-se o Monte Figo, justificando-se o seu carácter de principal santuário marítimo regional, concretamente como farol diurno (e então talvez também nocturno, o que justificaria em parte a sua via romana calçada) e oráculo meteorológico da navegação costeira entre as barras do Arade e de Huelva, funções que manteve até há poucos anos. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Não sobrevivem vestígios dos cultos na época romana mas há indícios significativos de rituais medievais pouco ortodoxos e de costumes etnográficos locais, cujo calendário cíclico de celebração e formalismo configuram uma origem religiosa muito anterior ao Cristianismo<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[21]</span></span></a>.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">A identificação de Moncarapacho com a <i>Stacio Sacra</i> revela-se deste modo quase evidente, sobretudo após a desqualificação de Marim. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. A tese do Promontório Sacro</span></h2><div class="Noparagraphstyle" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uma corrente historiográfica iniciada por Leite de Vasconcelos considera que a localização da <i>Stacio Sacra</i> entre <i>Ossonoba</i> e <i>Balsa</i> é uma interpolação do <i>Ravennate</i>, devendo antes referir-se a uma povoação no <i>Promunturium Sacro</i>, famoso santuário antigo e hoje promontório de Sagres<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black;">[22]</span></span></span></a>. V. Mantas desenvolve esta ideia, considerando que a Stacio seria um porto nos arredores do santuário<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_ednref23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="color: black;">[23]</span></span></span></a>.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Esta hipótese baseia-se na consonância <i>Sacra</i>=<i>Sacro</i> no mesmo contexto geográfico regional. Não tem porém qualquer fundamentação documental, uma vez que se inspira no segmento ibérico da <i>Tabula Peutingeriana</i>, integralmente inventado por Konrad Miller em 1887 em substituição do original desconhecido que se perdeu!<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Embora a possibilidade de localização da <i>Stacio Sacra </i>no Promontório Sacro não se possa excluir numa base estritamente epistemológica, ela torna-se rebuscada e inútil ao ignorar as fortes evidências geográficas e religiosas acima descritas, substituindo-as por um desnecessário e incomprovável erro da fonte!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div></div><div><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="edn1"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> <b>RAV </b>79.31. </span></div></div><div id="edn2"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> VEIGA (1887-91): 390, tomo 2.</span></div></div><div id="edn3"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> RAV 105.51.</span></div></div><div id="edn4"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> URL: <http: places="" statio_deventiasteno.htm="" www.roman-britain.org="">, acedido em 12-10-2009.</http:></span></div></div><div id="edn5"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> URL: <http: denbury.net="" johnghall1.html="">, acedido em 12-10-2009.</http:></span></div></div><div id="edn6"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> URL: <http: comp.uark.edu="" recint2.htm="" ~mreynold="">, acedido em 12-10-2009.</http:></span></div></div><div id="edn7"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BA. Topónimos seguidos da região do Império, nº do mapa e quadrícula: Maiensis Statio, ITL, 19 D3; Statio Bilachiniensis, ITL, 19 F3; 20 A3; Statio Caesariana, ITL, 45 C4; Statio Plorucensis, ITL, 19 F3</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;">; Statio Timaviensis ITL, 19 F3</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">.</span></div></div><div id="edn8"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt;">CHEVALIER (1997): 282, citando W.G. Pflaum, "Essai sur le cursus publicus sous le Haut-Empire romain", Mém. Acad. Inscriptions, Paris 1940; pp. 189-391.</span></div></div><div id="edn9"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt;">: pp. 22, 83, 157, 193 e 188.</span></div></div><div id="edn10"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt;">VAN BERCHEN (1937):24-25.</span></div></div><div id="edn11"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt;">Cit. em SÁINZ (1998), p. 67-8 e n. 33.</span></div></div><div id="edn12"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> Columela, Rei Rusticae, I, 6-7.</span></div></div><div id="edn13"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> OLIVEIRA (1902): 268.</span></div></div><div id="edn14"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> Informação de Abdallah Kawli.</span></div></div><div id="edn15"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> AFONSO III (1266): 239.</span></div></div><div id="edn16"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> TEXEIRA (1634): 340.</span></div></div><div id="edn17"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> FERNANDES (1999): 253.</span></div></div><div id="edn18"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> DC 136 e ICG apud NP § 367; Sambatius Ursus <séc. (icg="" 381).="" treveris="" viii=""></séc.></span></div></div><div id="edn19"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> Agradece-se a Maria Alice Fernandes a informação linguística e bibliográfica respeitante a Sambada e Milreu.</span></div></div><div id="edn20"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> <b>IA </b>425.6-426.3. Identificam-se os Itinerários de Antonino pelos "números de Wesseling", de uso universal. No âmbito ibérico, este itinerário específico corresponde ao nº XXI da classificação de Roldán Hervaz [ROLDÁN (1975): 35-6, 77-8], seguida pela grande maioria dos investigadores. </span></div></div><div id="edn21"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> SARRÃO (1607): 164,167-8; MASCARENHAS (1969); NOBRE (1974): 15-24; FRAGA (2002): 47-49, 87-96; FRAGA (2006d)</span></div></div><div id="edn22"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> VASCONCELOS (1905): 198-9</span></div></div><div id="edn23"><div class="MsoEndnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=3470653515174536936" name="_edn23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;"> MANTAS (1997b): 317 n. 4</span><br />
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</div><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">História resumida da rede viária entre BALSA e OSSONOBA com destaque para a Época Romana</span></h2><h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Reconstituição retrospectiva em 12 slides.</span></span></h2><br />
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Sobre a estrada romana de <i>Ossonoba</i> a <i>Arannis</i>, por Moncarapacho ver também o <i>post</i><br />
<a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2007/09/roman-road-of-vale-da-serra.html"><i>The Roman Road of Vale da Serra (Moncarapacho)</i></a>.Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-14640086817400637912011-02-22T01:17:00.008+00:002011-02-23T19:07:43.340+00:00Toponímia da Propriedade Agrária<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Distribuição geográfico de corónimos referentes a alguns tipos comuns de propriedade agrária e de povoamento rural.</div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Fonte: <i>Repertório Toponímico do Continente</i> (Versão digital. IGEOE).</div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Implantação em mapas de divisão concelhia. Clique as imagens para ampliar.<br />
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Léxico sem pretensões. <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Se houver interesse posso incluir uma lista bibliográfica sobre os conceitos:</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Morgado</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Arcaísmo toponímico.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Detentor do morgadio ou propriedade sujeita a vínculo de morgadio (i.e. inalienável e indivisível dentro da linhagem familiar). Os morgados podem Integrar-se em sistemas de propriedade imperfeita, como senhorio imanente de enfiteuses, ou em formas de exploração precária (arrendamentos e parcerias). Tipo definitivamente abolido em 1864.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Foro</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Arcaísmo toponímico</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Propriedade imperfeita. Senhorio útil da enfiteuse. Tipo entrado em desuso na 2ª metade do séc. XIX e definitivamente abolido em 1976.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Paço</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Arcaísmo toponímico</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Casa rural abastada, isolada ou em aldeia, originalmente de tipo senhorial. Residência de proprietário e sede de lavoura de propriedades que podem ser muito dispersas</div><br />
<b>Monte</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Núcleo residencial rural pertencente originalmente a uma família ou grupo familiar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Núcleo edificado, sede de <b>Herdade</b>, com residência do proprietário e dos trabalhadores e instalações agro-pecuárias.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Herdade</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Média ou grande propriedade, constituída geralmente por monte e campos.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Quinta</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Propriedade abastada caracterizada pelo núcleo edificado residencial e agro-pecuário, com destaque para a residência rural do proprietário e para as culturas mimosas muradas ou circunscritas na sua imediação (hortas e pomares). Associa-se frequentemente à cultura da vinha.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Quintas</b> definem habitualmente regiões de média propriedade com culturas intensivas, nomeadamente nos arredores de centros urbanos ou em zonas vinícolas extremes.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Casal</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Pequena propriedade ou exploração familiar caracterizada por uma casa de residência isolada. A parte rural pode limitar-se a uma pequena horta ou quintal, sendo então comum o corónimo Casa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Casais</b>, <b>Casas</b> e <b>Foros</b> definem habitualmente zonas de povoamento rural disperso. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Horta</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Pequena propriedade ou exploração usada para culturas hortícolas e similares. Frequente nos subúrbios urbanos, onde a casa residencial pode não existir. Quando existe o corónimo é um sinónimo habitual de <b>Casal</b>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Corte</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Núcleo residencial rural pertencente originalmente a uma família ou grupo familiar, em zonas onde a exploração pecuária de gado miúdo configura a forma do núcleo edificado, como recinto fechado.</div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CbGbjBFZm6E/TWMKm9hvPUI/AAAAAAAAAo8/V2y4p_h_sD8/s1600/casal+-inho+-inhos+casais.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CbGbjBFZm6E/TWMKm9hvPUI/AAAAAAAAAo8/V2y4p_h_sD8/s640/casal+-inho+-inhos+casais.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CASAL, CASAIS, CASALINHO, CASALINHOS </td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k82ea9zEiwQ/TWMKtEiTfzI/AAAAAAAAApA/MIj2Tl3C7bk/s1600/corte+-s+-lha+-lhas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k82ea9zEiwQ/TWMKtEiTfzI/AAAAAAAAApA/MIj2Tl3C7bk/s640/corte+-s+-lha+-lhas.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CORTE, CORTES, CORTELHA, CORTELHAS</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MM5mSt69H9M/TWMLBi3t5wI/AAAAAAAAApI/XMHUAKM6R-8/s1600/herdade+-s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MM5mSt69H9M/TWMLBi3t5wI/AAAAAAAAApI/XMHUAKM6R-8/s640/herdade+-s.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HERDADE, HERDADES</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MuyBNuM-3II/TWMLJGpCJlI/AAAAAAAAApM/QAVpA30r1no/s1600/horta+-s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MuyBNuM-3II/TWMLJGpCJlI/AAAAAAAAApM/QAVpA30r1no/s640/horta+-s.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HORTA, HORTAS</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j2_ZPtHPzDs/TWMLWPx_hvI/AAAAAAAAApQ/XcxrlcXe9b0/s1600/mont+-e+-inho.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j2_ZPtHPzDs/TWMLWPx_hvI/AAAAAAAAApQ/XcxrlcXe9b0/s640/mont+-e+-inho.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MONTE, MONTES, MONTINHO, MONTINHOS (Casas ou Povoação)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iOIjFxm2s3w/TWMLwJfS0LI/AAAAAAAAApc/KJzgtxnQGnc/s1600/quinta+-s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iOIjFxm2s3w/TWMLwJfS0LI/AAAAAAAAApc/KJzgtxnQGnc/s640/quinta+-s.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">QUINTA, QUINTAS</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YlVoCMkRUyI/TWMNKPru1WI/AAAAAAAAApg/SFY0-vFn2Ek/s1600/foro+-s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YlVoCMkRUyI/TWMNKPru1WI/AAAAAAAAApg/SFY0-vFn2Ek/s640/foro+-s.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FORO, FOROS</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L8uCol1pEEE/TWMNPTwPRvI/AAAAAAAAApk/_2ZfmsIjZIw/s1600/morgad+-o+-a+-inho+-inha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L8uCol1pEEE/TWMNPTwPRvI/AAAAAAAAApk/_2ZfmsIjZIw/s640/morgad+-o+-a+-inho+-inha.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MORGADO, MORGADA, MORGADINHO, MORGADINHA</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yQj1qWA35Xg/TWMNVTw1rGI/AAAAAAAAApo/gWAY5bi8fA0/s1600/pa%25C3%25A7o+-s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yQj1qWA35Xg/TWMNVTw1rGI/AAAAAAAAApo/gWAY5bi8fA0/s640/pa%25C3%25A7o+-s.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PAÇO, PAÇOS</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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</span>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-24802681058556446332011-02-21T10:14:00.109+00:002012-07-18T11:22:33.988+00:00TAVIRA ROMANA<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify;">
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">TAVIRA NO TEMPO DOS ROMANOS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ROMANOS EM TAVIRA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2010/09/atlas-historico-de-tavira.html"><b>Materiais para um Atlas Histórico de Tavira</b></a></span><br />
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Síntese actualizada do estudo "Tavira Romana", publicado em <a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/balsa/tavira/"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">http://www.arkeotavira.com/balsa/tavira/</span></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref1"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[1]</span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt;">.</span> Os apêndices referidos no texto incluem-se apenas na versão pdf deste <i>post</i>, mais completa e melhor acabada, que está <a href="http://arkeotavira.com/balsa/tavira/tavira-romana-blog.pdf"><b>aqui</b></a>. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--FaGX9dU9iQ/TWJAQWdeJJI/AAAAAAAAAoU/ykMZRmvy-mE/s1600/tavira-romana1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--FaGX9dU9iQ/TWJAQWdeJJI/AAAAAAAAAoU/ykMZRmvy-mE/s640/tavira-romana1.jpg" width="436" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tavira na Época Romana</td></tr>
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Tavira teve uma ocupação pouco importante na Época Romana. O centro urbano da região nesta época localizava-se em <i>Balsa</i>, a 6 km para Sudoeste, entre Luz de Tavira e a Ria.</div>
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O sítio de Tavira permaneceu obscuro durante 1300 anos, entre o abandono do povoado turdetano da Idade do Ferro, em finais do séc. IV a.n.e., e o nascimento da <i>alcaria</i> de<i> Tabira</i> em finais do séc. XI, numa fase já muito avançado do domínio islâmico.</div>
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Está por esclarecer a não utilização do porto de Gilão durante o domínio romano, assim como a baixa densidade relativa do povoamento estuarino, comparativamente com outros sítios do Algarve. Provavelmente o porto de <i>Balsa</i> apresentaria então melhores condições de barra, para além das excelentes infra-estruturas já conhecidas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref2"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[2]</span></a>, gozando de um eventual monopólio económico por razões administrativas e fiscais.</div>
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Os estuários – verdadeiros braços de mar - que então existiam desde a barra de Tavira até ao Paul da Asseca e até ao Cerro do Almargem, seriam utilizados essencialmente como fontes de subsistência de aglomerados rurais ribeirinhos e como meios de comunicação entre o mar e os fundos dos esteiros, onde existiam centros de olaria local e explorações agrícolas.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Alteração da fisiografia costeira</b></span></h1>
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A zona baixa de Tavira sofreu grandes mudanças desde a Antiguidade, devido às alterações naturais e artificiais das margens do rio e das zonas limítrofes de sapais inundáveis. A reconstituição da ocupação humana da actual área urbana em diferentes épocas históricas exige assim também reconstituições, mais ou menos rigorosas, das respectivas fisiografias costeiras.</div>
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Nível do mar</span></b></h2>
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O nível do mar na Época Romana correspondia, na zona de Balsa, aproximadamente à cota actual dos 4 m (1.16 cm acima dos 2.84 m que se fazem corresponder convencionalmente ao nível da preia-mar actual, com altimetria relativa ao marégrafo de Cascais). </div>
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Esta diferença reparte-se entre a subida devida à segunda fase da transgressão marítima <i>dunkerquiana</i> (mal estudada no Algarve em contextos arqueológicos e provavelmente responsável por uma subida de 50±20cm do nível isostático do mar) e à sedimentação litoral, provocada sobretudo por derrubes e arrastamentos das encostas.</div>
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Esta cota de 4 m coincide com a de Tavira, correspondendo ao nível útil do cais turdetano (sob o pavimento do antigo B.N.U., datável do séc. V a. C.) no antigo esteiro da Praça da República e às estratigrafias do Gilão observadas na área da moderna ponte de Santiago.</div>
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Os leques sedimentares formados posteriormente nos esteiros, desaparecidos ou muito colmatados, elevam essa cota para um valor entre 5 a 7 metros (e talvez mesmo mais em vales muito profundos) nos fundos e partes superiores, valores ajustados aproximadamente por dados arqueológicos, topográficos e toponímicos em Castro Marim, Ludo, Vilamoura, Arade, Aljezur e Lagos.</div>
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A presença de linhas de água nos antigos esteiros da área urbana de Tavira, alimentadas por mananciais activos, e a dinâmica de assoreamento da ria na zona da foz do Gilão permitem considerar um processo de sedimentação precoce na zona, compatível com achados arqueológicos da Época Romana (necrópole da Atalaia e moedas na Rua Alexandre Herculano).<br />
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Estabeleci assim na restituição costeira uma linha na cota 3 m, definindo o limite inferior de uma banda de sapalização, correspondendo a zonas periodicamente ou sazonalmente submergidas.</div>
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O modelo digital de terreno utilizado nos mapas tem diversos aperfeiçoamentos e correcções de pormenor, relativamente ao por mim publicado em FRAGA 2003a e 2003b.</div>
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Aterros urbanos e fixação das margens do rio</span></b></h2>
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O crescimento histórico de Tavira fez-se em grande parte à custa de aterros dos sapais do rio em ambas as margens, processo que prossegue até aos dias de hoje na zona do novo Mercado. Limito-me aqui a esboçar um quadro simplificado dos seus aspectos mais relevantes:</div>
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Vestígios arqueológicos (séc. VI- IV a.n.e.) e geológicos associados permitem identificar os páleo-esteiros da Praça da República e da Bela Fria, então com valor portuário. Este último estaria já colmatado e drenado aquando da conquista portuguesa.</div>
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O contexto geológico da Rua Alexandre Herculano – em cujo subsolo foram encontradas moedas romanas – é compatível com uma zona de sapal inundável nesta Época. </div>
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Na 2ª metade do séc. XIV aterra-se o resto do sapal da Praça da República, transformado na nova Praça da Vila. </div>
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Entre os sécs. XIV e meados do XVI aterra-se e urbaniza-se o grande esteiro da Alagoa (até aí caldeira de moinho de maré) e regularizam-se as margens do rio, tal como as conhecemos hoje, permanecendo porém ainda instável toda a ribeira da margem esquerda, inundável até à actualidade apesar dos aterros sucessivos.</div>
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A história deste processo a partir de meados do séc. XVI é reconstituível com rigor a partir da cartografia urbana existente.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A via romana Baesuris-Balsa</span></h1>
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O elemento mais importante e assinalável de Tavira na Época Romana terá sido a via pública que ligava <i>Baesuris</i> (Castro Marim), na margem do Guadiana, às cidades de <i>Balsa</i> e <i>Ossonoba</i> (Faro). Esta via é identificada em duas fontes documentais: no <i>Itinerário de Antonino</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref3"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[3]</span></a> e na <i>Cosmografia do Anónimo de Ravena</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref4"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[4]</span></a>.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cas-CL9xb-A/TWLU7tpwWSI/AAAAAAAAAo4/I-4TB6F_Qco/s1600/Mapa+C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="414" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cas-CL9xb-A/TWLU7tpwWSI/AAAAAAAAAo4/I-4TB6F_Qco/s640/Mapa+C.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Via romana de <i>Baesuris</i> a <i>Balsa</i>, 1ª etapa do <b>Itinerário de Antonino</b> hispânico XXI. Povoamento romano da região.</td></tr>
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Infelizmente, o crescimento muito posterior de Tavira propriamente dita e as profundas alterações da margem do rio e do trânsito local eliminaram todos os vestígios materiais dessa via.<br />
É porém possível reconstituir o seu eixo com razoável precisão a partir de três fontes complementares: o carácter muito geocondicionado da função viária na zona; a informação da <i>Crónica da Conquista do Algarve;</i> e a notícia de numerosos marcadores arqueo-topográficos, registados em documentos dos sécs. XVI-XVIII. </div>
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De um modo geral a via romana evitava ambas as margens do rio (então muito mais largas do que hoje) assim como a íngreme colina de Santa Maria (Calçada de D. Ana).<br />
De poente para nascente teria o seguinte percurso: Mato do Santo Espírito, Poço de Vaz Varela, Ermida de São Brás, Alto de Sant'Ana, travessia do Gilão no seu sítio mais estreito, Horta da Bela Fria pela base da colina até à Rua dos Mouros, Estação de Caminho de Ferro, Estação Agrária/Lidl e Calçada da Cafurna até Balsa.</div>
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A ponte velha de Tavira não é romana</span></b></h2>
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A tradição de uma origem romana da "Ponte Romana" de Tavira não tem fundamento arqueológico, segundo se concluiu nas prospecções efectuadas durante as grandes reparações de 1991-93. Estas vieram confirmar a total ausência de traços arquitectónicos e materiais romanos nas estruturas da ponte actual.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xjLl91ogd30/TWJHA0AzqtI/AAAAAAAAAo0/o6UWLRncC2s/s1600/ponte-tavira-mon+nacionais.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="293" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xjLl91ogd30/TWJHA0AzqtI/AAAAAAAAAo0/o6UWLRncC2s/s400/ponte-tavira-mon+nacionais.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ponte velha de Tavira. Planta da antiga D.G.Portos</td></tr>
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A ponte velha descende de outras que tiveram a sua origem durante o domínio islâmico, quase certamente na 2ª metade do séc. XII.<br />
Ela enquadrava-se então no sistema defensivo da cidade, que fez desviar o percurso da estrada romana inicial. Este tema será desenvolvido num <i>post</i> futuro<i> </i>sob o tópico <i>Tavira islâmica e a defesa da passagem do Gilão</i>.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Vestígios e sítios romanos</span></h1>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Bela Fria = Vila Fria = Villa Frigida</span></b></h2>
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No sítio da cidade de Tavira o povoamento romano mais importante situar-se-ia na zona do Convento da Graça e encosta da Bela Fria, onde têm aparecido diversos vestígios: fustes de colunas; materiais de construção; <i>sigillata</i> e cerâmica comum; e materiais reaproveitados, já fora desta zona, tais como a parte inferior de uma mó romana de forma cónica, reaproveitada numa parede medieval islâmica na zona do B.N.U. e, mais recentemente, um provável capitel de pilastra em mau estado de conservação, encontrado em níveis islâmicos da escavação de Corte-Reais.<br />
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Estes materiais terão rebolado anteriormente pela encosta ou sido expressamente transportada pois surgem isolados numa larga área (informação de Maria Maia).</div>
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Toda a zona apresenta hoje uma topografia muito diferente da original, devido à rampa e às terraplanagens originadas pela construção da porta medieval da Bela Fria e aos sucessivos aterros do recinto do Convento da Graça, iniciado em 1569 nos terrenos da Judiaria e Sinagoga, já ocupados pelos frades de Santo Agostinho desde 1542<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref5"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[5]</span></a>.</div>
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O planalto e escarpa formados pelos aterros e muralha não existiam, como demonstraram as intervenções da obra da Pousada, havendo uma encosta de baixo gradiente para Leste, sem vestígios romanos.</div>
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A edificação romana que gerou os vestígios conhecidos, que escorreram pela encosta ao longo dos séculos, devia situar-se sob ou junto da parte norte do Convento da Graça, muito perto da zona onde se escavaram as grandes fundações da nova ala monstruosa da Pousada. <br />
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Infelizmente, as sondagens arqueológicas efectuadas então no local, revelaram que toda a terra já tinha sido remexida e reposta até à rocha na época da fundação do convento (informação de Sandra Cavaco e Jaquelina Covaneiro).</div>
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O carácter do povoamento romano da zona é-nos dado exclusivamente pela toponímia: "Vila Fria" ainda em 1570<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref6"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[6]</span></a>, tendo o nome posteriormente evoluído para Bela Fria. O seu nome latino original seria portanto <i>villa Frigida. </i><br />
Tratar-se-ia assim de uma <i>villa</i> romana com sobrevivência toponímica na sua fase mais tardia, condição <i>sine qua non</i> para a transmissão posterior do nome durante a Alta Idade Média.</div>
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Todo o resto da colina de Santa Maria não teve ocupação romana conhecida, sendo notáveis em diversos locais os alicerces islâmicos do séc. XII directamente construídos sobre as ruínas do povoado turdetano, abandonado séculos antes da chegada dos romanos! <br />
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Na Época Romana o sítio teria ainda o aspecto de um grande povoado abandonado, com ruínas bem evidentes.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
O busto da dama balsense</span></b></h2>
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O achado romano mais notável de Tavira é o conhecido busto da dama balsense, objecto de extensa bibliografia museográfica e actualmente guardado no Museu Municipal de Évora.</div>
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A primeira notícia da escultura é dada por Frei Vicente Salgado em 1786: <i>"Na esquina de umas casas ao poente do Convento da Graça desta Cidade de Tavira, eu vi um Busto Romano de dois palmos, que me pareceu muito bem.".</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref7"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[7]</span></a><i> </i>O busto encontrar-se-ia assim num nicho ou sobre um cunhal de uma casa da actual Rua de António Viegas. </div>
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Frei Vicente Salgado era discípulo e protegido do bispo Frei Manuel do Cenáculo, a quem dedica encomiasticamente a sua obra. Foi graças à biblioteca e à influência do seu patrono que conseguiu levar a cabo a investigação necessária e as autorizações para a sua publicação. Destaca também o gosto do bispo pelo coleccionismo de objectos da Antiguidade Romana<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref8"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[8]</span></a>.</div>
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Nada mais natural, portanto, que levar o busto "de dois palmos" que lhe "pareceu muito bem" como oferta ao seu protector.<br />
De facto, não se ouve falar mais do busto de Tavira mas surge, pela mesma altura, o busto da dama nossa conhecida na colecção do bispo Cenáculo<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref9"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[9]</span></a>, em que se refere a sua proveniência de Tavira e com os mesmos dois palmos (56 cm, incluindo a peanha, segundo NOGALES 2003), colecção essa que transitou posteriormente para o Museu de Évora.<br />
Trata-se evidentemente da mesma peça!</div>
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Os arqueólogos contemporâneos têm afastado a peça de Tavira, apesar da informação do catálogo já referido, revelando como as ideias pré-concebidas pode fazer mover objectos: (SANTOS 1971: 292-3) fala no seu achamento nos arredores de Tavira, situando-o em na Torre d'Aires ou nas Antas; (ALARCÃO 1988: 205, nº 8/286), embora referindo (SIMÕES 1869), prefere afirmar que não se sabe se a peça veio da cidade ou do concelho, talvez de Balsa; (GONÇALVES: 2007<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref10"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[10]</span></a>: v. 2, p. 184-187, nº 63) limita-se a dizer que foi descoberta na "área da <i>civitas</i> de Balsa"; (NOGALES: 2003 e 2005<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref11"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[11]</span></a>: 84, nº 26) afirma já peremptoriamente que a peça veio de Balsa!</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uFw4LQ5z5fE/TWJA_6UFu7I/AAAAAAAAAoY/NYfFoIXBNlI/s1600/dama1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uFw4LQ5z5fE/TWJA_6UFu7I/AAAAAAAAAoY/NYfFoIXBNlI/s320/dama1.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dama Balsense. 2º terço do séc. II.</td></tr>
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É um busto de uso doméstico ou funerário, que pelo estilo aristocrático da personagem e o acabamento deveria corresponder a alguém de substância da <i>ordo</i> local ou de uma família de estatuto equiparado.<br />
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O busto faria parte assim, quase certamente, ou da galeria da <i>domus </i>familiar ou de um mausoléu familiar com alguma importância arquitectónica.</div>
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O aspecto mais interessante da escultura é o estilo de penteado que permite datá-la no 2º terço do séc. II, muito semelhante ao de Annia Galeria Faustina (Major), mulher do imperador Antonino Pio (138-161). Foi imperatriz apenas entre 138 e 140, data da sua morte, sendo então divinizada como DIVA FAUSTINA.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--HTgrwIwJjo/TWJBUMtR2aI/AAAAAAAAAoc/sLukJ9HPB14/s1600/Faustina+Major.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--HTgrwIwJjo/TWJBUMtR2aI/AAAAAAAAAoc/sLukJ9HPB14/s320/Faustina+Major.jpg" width="234" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Annia Galeria Faustina (Major)</td></tr>
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A difusão da moda feminina pelas províncias a partir do modelo imperial ter-se-á devido à proliferação da iconografia da imperatriz ainda em vida ou após a sua divinização, associada à imitação pessoal directa entre mulheres de meios sociais relativamente elevados. </div>
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Considerando tratar-se de um busto funerário, é impossível determinar se o presumível mausoléu a que pertencia se situava originariamente em Tavira ou em qualquer outro local da região balsense, nomeadamente em uma das necrópoles de Balsa. <br />
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Os mausoléus monumentais de famílias mais abastadas seriam comuns em lugares favorecidos não muito longe das estradas, ou junto das próprias residências rurais dos proprietários, não sendo difícil trazer para Tavira um busto encontrado em qualquer desses locais.</div>
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A proximidade dos vestígios da Vila Fria e da antiga estrada romana sugere porém, em princípio, poder ser um busto proveniente da própria <i>villa</i> ou de um mausoléu na sua proximidade.<br />
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A sobrevivência tardia em bom estado (com excepção do nariz!) num lugar exposto à visão e às delapidações públicas na época de Frei Vicente Salgado sugere tratar-se de um achado recente dessa época, possivelmente proveniente das grandes remodelações da judiaria ou da expansão urbana sobre o antigo cemitério judaico, em plena zona da velha via romana.</div>
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Quer seja de uso doméstico ou funerário, a presença do busto aristocrático pode pois ser interpretada como indício da existência de uma <i>domus</i> no local, sendo um achado de carácter mais específico nesse sentido que a mera presença de fustes de colunas. </div>
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A posição da <i>domus</i> e respectiva <i>villa </i>não é porém vulgar, a Norte do cume de uma colina defensável (então talhada a Norte, Poente e Sul e definindo posteriormente um extremo do primitivo recinto amuralhado de Tavira<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref12"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[12]</span></a>) e junto a um extensa área de ruínas já antigas, apesar de o seu abastecimento de água poder estar facilitado por um hipotético aqueduto proveniente da nascente de Santa Maria, situada a umas dezenas de metros, numa cota mais elevada.<br />
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Pode-se conjecturar ter sido a residência de um notável associado a uma função oficial relacionada com a passagem da via, sendo a exposição a Norte uma defesa eficaz contra a canícula.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Horta da Caiada</span></b></h2>
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Já distante do centro histórico da cidade, no campo da Atalaia (Horta da Caiada), descobriu-se uma necrópole rural com cerca de cinquenta sepulturas de inumação, a c. 900 m da núcleo da Bela Fria.</div>
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A distância excessiva e a posição extrema junto da antiga margem do sapal indicam ter pertencido à parte rústica de uma provável <i>villa</i> mais próxima.<br />
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As sepulturas, muito modestas, pertenciam muito provavelmente à <i>familia rustica</i> desta <i>villa<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref13"></a></span></i><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[13]</span></a></span>. Não se conhece o período de utilização da necrópole, sabendo-se apenas que estava activa na 2ª metade do séc. I d. C., graças a uma moeda de Cláudio I aí encontrada. O tipo de cerâmicas pode fazer supor uma continuidade até ao séc. III<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref14"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[14]</span></a>.</div>
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A necrópole situava-se junto a um caminho que seguia pela margem do sapal, podendo talvez entroncar no caminho litoral para Balsa<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref15"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[15]</span></a>.</div>
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Não sobreviveram vestígios das edificações que sem dúvida existiriam. Segundo um modelo comum, elas localizar-se-iam a umas centenas de metros da necrópole, na encosta virada a Sul, a uma cota adequada para ser abastecida de água corrente por intermédio de um aqueduto proveniente da nascente termal de Santo António<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref16"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[16]</span></a>.<br />
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A localização mais provável será assim no eixo da R. de Santo António, quiçá sob o próprio convento homónimo.</div>
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Esta zona, juntamente com os campos das futuras hortas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref17"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[17]</span></a>, constituía já, sem dúvida, uma importante área agrícola da <i>pertica</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref18"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[18]</span></a> balsense, naturalmente irrigável pela referida nascente.</div>
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O desenvolvimento posterior de Tavira e a sua intensa reocupação agrícola eliminaram localmente os prováveis vestígios das marcas cadastrais romanas, ainda visíveis num extenso raio em torno de <i>Balsa</i>, substituídas por um característico padrão radial perí-urbano de origem medieval.</div>
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Moedas e sepultura</span></b></h2>
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Encontrou-se também uma colecção de moedas num local que era então margem do rio, sob o pavimento da Rua Alexandre Herculano nos anos 50 do séc. XX.<br />
Desconhecem-se mais detalhes assim como o seu actual paradeiro<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref19"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[19]</span></a>.<br />
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O sítio de achamento das moedas, num nível de sapal ou de zona permanentemente submersa, sugere tratar-se de uma perda, ou eventualmente, de uma oferenda.</div>
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Achou-se também (Maria Maia) uma modesta sepultura de incineração sobre o cais pré-romano do B.N.U., na margem do esteiro que então ocupava a actual Praça da República.<br />
A sepultura resumia-se a uma urna cinerária formada por tégulas, tendo como único espólio um pequeno pendente de madeira com a forma de figa (mão fechada), símbolo ancestral contra o mau-olhado.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Reutilizações de materiais romanos</span></b></h2>
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Os demais vestígios estão incluídos em construções medievais e modernas e devem, pelas suas dimensões e características, ter sido trazidos de <i>Balsa</i> muitos séculos após o desaparecimento desta cidade:</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Grande cantaria talhada, com marcas de fórceps, inserida num cunhal da torre medieval portuguesa que ladeava pela esquerda a entrada da Porta de Alfeição.</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Fuste maciço de grandes dimensões encontrado no tardoz de uma casa de raiz seiscentista, junto à torre albarrã poligonal existente na base do castelo. </div>
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Com este fuste foi encontrado um capitel não romano, talhado numa única peça juntamente com o lintel. Segundo Lídia Fernandes trata-se de um capitel de ordem toscana, datável do séc. I n.e.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref20"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[20]</span></a></div>
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O conjunto está exposto na recepção do edifício onde foi encontrado, com a particularidade de se apresentar invertido, com o capitel-lintel no chão!</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Mais recentemente foi descoberta outra coluna semelhante nos aterros do antigo esteiro da praça, em lugar próximo da ponte.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: large;">O vau do Gilão-Séqua. Lugar sacralizado</span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="TravessiaGilao"></a>Na Época Romana, toda a zona entre a colina de São Brás e o rio estaria ainda completamente alagada, impedindo qualquer trânsito.<br />
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O Alto de Sant'Ana formava então uma península entre o Gilão e o esteiro da Alagoa, sendo o ponto de maior proximidade com a margem oposta e lugar de eleição para uma travessia. <br />
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O local de passagem estabelecia-se assim cerca de 130 metros a montante da ponte actual, onde o rio era e ainda é consideravelmente mais estreito.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref21"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_Ref97748065"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[21]</span></a></div>
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O vau do Gilão seria habitualmente transitável sem grande dificuldade na baixa-mar e nas estações secas, através de "passadeiras", isto é, de uma calçada submergível no fundo do rio.<br />
A travessia na preia-mar necessitaria já de um <i>portus </i>(pontão sobreelevado), de uma ponte flutuante ou uma barcaça de vaivém, podendo tornar-se impossível durante as estações chuvosas.<br />
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A passagem de uma via do Itinerário de Antonino obrigaria sem dúvida à existência e manutenção de uma infra-estrutura de travessia permanente. Desconhece-se porém a existência de quaisquer vestígios dela, o que sugere ter sido de madeira, facilmente destruída pelas enxurradas periódicas mas também facilmente reposta enquanto existisse um poder fiscal e edilício.</div>
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Na margem direita, perto do local da travessia, situa-se a nascente submarina e a fonte sobre o rio (Fonte da Praça ou das Bicas, que na época se localizaria uma dezena de metros mais distante da margem) onde nasce o rio Gilão propriamente dito, tendo mais a montante o nome de Séqua.</div>
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A sacralização do rio e da sua passagem na Época Romana (com uma origem anterior, pré-romana) infere-se da análise da toponímia cristianizada e fóssil de épocas posteriores, até à conquista portuguesa de Tavira, tema abordado em seguida.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Gilão = <i>Sancti Iuliani</i></span></b></h2>
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O nome Gilão será resultante da arabização do antropónimo moçárabe *<i>Gilano</i>, evolução do latim (<i>Sancti) Iuliani</i>, nome associado primitivamente ao vau e, posteriormente, ao povoado da foz e ao troço final do rio, que surge em português com a ortografia <i>Gilaon</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref22"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[22]</span></a>, hoje Gilão.</div>
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A zona limítrofe ter-se-á arabizado de forma regular com o sufixo –ā, passando a chamar-se <i>Gillā</i>, de modo semelhante à evolução <i>Jullà < Julianum,</i> registada na Catalunha<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref23"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[23]</span></a>.</div>
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A manutenção da consoante intervocálica assinala uma origem anterior à colonização linguística galaico-portuguesa, isto é, corresponde a um termo moçárabe.</div>
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A arabização de topónimos paleocristãos é comum, sobretudo na época em que um extracto significativo das elites cristãs se converteu ao Islão, transformando-se em <i>mulladis.</i><br />
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Os locais dominados por este grupo social caracterizam-se pela arabização da toponímia latina e moçárabe anterior, significando uma continuidade de ocupação com mudança da língua dominante.<br />
A arabização da toponímia paleocristã acompanha-se normalmente pela extinção do culto cristão primitivo, associada à conversão ao Islão.</div>
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No Algarve, para além de <i>Gillā,</i> documentam-se outros exemplos, como Santa Maria, São Brás e Nexe:</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Faro < Santa Maria de Faro < SANCTA MARIA DE PHARUM < <i>Šantamaryia Ibn Harum < Šantamaryia al-Gharb < </i>SANCTA MARIA<i> < Uksûnuba < </i>OSSONOBA</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>São Brás < <i>Šanbrās</i> < *SANCTI BLASI (KHAWLI 2002: 36). Exemplo que configura uma notável continuidade e sobrevivência toponímica (e do culto hagiológico) até à actualidade de um lugar referido nas fontes árabes como sítio de nascimento do poeta e cortesão Ibn-Âmmar (1031-1084).</div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Nexe <neixe>< <i>Tartāniš</i> < *SANCTA AGNES (KHAWLI 2002: 36 e Alice Fernandes)</neixe></div>
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A dedicação a Santa Inês ter-se-ia extinguido antes do domínio português, tendo sido substituída já durante este pela de Santa Bárbara.</div>
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A situação é distinta nos sítios de colonização árabe e berbere (onde os topónimos tardo-romanos desapareceram, substituídos por outros nessas línguas) e nas comunidades que se mantiveram moçárabes (onde sobreviveram os topónimos e os cultos paleocristãos, após a conquista cristã de 1249)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref24"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn24" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[24]</span></a>. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
São Juliano = S. Julião = S. Gião</span></b></h2>
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Dos numerosos mártires do culto paleocristão de nome Juliano, destacam-se dois, <i>Juliano de Anazarbus</i> e <i>Juliano e Basilissa</i>, pelo seu culto precoce e pela sua ampla difusão.</div>
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<b>Juliano de Anazarbus ou de Antioquía</b></div>
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Mártir morto em 304, durante as perseguições de Diocleciano. O seu culto tornou-se muito popular desde o último quartel do séc. V graças a uma conhecida homilia de João Crisóstomo (349-407), patriarca de Constantinopla.</div>
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Atirado ao mar num saco cheio de serpentes e escorpiões após demoradas torturas para renegar a sua fé. Representado com um saco ou um caixão flutuante, acompanhado de anjos<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref25"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn25" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[25]</span></a>.</div>
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<b>Juliano e Basilissa</b></div>
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Marido e mulher que fizeram voto de castidade e fundaram um mosteiro-hospital. Após a morte de Basilissa, Juliano é martirizado durante as perseguições de Diocleciano.</div>
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A sua hagiologia é confusa e mistura-se com a de outros mártires paleocristãos também chamados Juliano. O seu culto, muito reputado, estava bem estabelecido já antes do séc. VIII<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref26"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn26" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[26]</span></a>. </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-crPMoycmPNs/TWJBpJM9KNI/AAAAAAAAAog/gzHa20UdYVY/s1600/St+Julian+and+Basilissa+conveying+Christ+13th+century+From+bas-felief+doorway+St+Julien+le+Pauvre+Paris.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-crPMoycmPNs/TWJBpJM9KNI/AAAAAAAAAog/gzHa20UdYVY/s400/St+Julian+and+Basilissa+conveying+Christ+13th+century+From+bas-felief+doorway+St+Julien+le+Pauvre+Paris.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">São Juliano e Basilissa<br />
Igreja de Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre, Paris, séc. XIII </td></tr>
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O culto transformou-se na Europa Ocidental a partir do séc. XII com incorporação de outras hagiografias<i> </i>ou de fundos etnográficos pré-cristãos, dando origem à figura de S. Julião Hospitalário, invenção hagiológica compósita que recolhe elementos das <i>vita</i> de Juliano de Anazarbus e de Juliano e Basilissa<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref27"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn27" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[27]</span></a>. </div>
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A associação óbvia do culto de Juliano de Anazarbus a um contexto de sacrifícios aquáticos torna-o o santo privilegiado para substituir um culto congénere pré-cristão e justifica a sua associação a um hidrónimo.<br />
O culto da divindade aquática anterior é substituído pela celebração do martírio marítimo de Juliano, exemplo de mártir heróico na defesa das suas convicções cristãs.</div>
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O <i>topos</i> da travessia de um rio por uma entidade sobrenatural em que é testada a força do santo pertence originariamente a hagiografia de Juliano/Basilissa.<br />
Essa entidade é identificada como Cristo já em plena Idade Média mas corresponde a uma tradição mitológica pré-cristã muito mais antiga, em que uma personagem protectora dos passantes (e recebedor de culto local) revela o seu poder sobre o espírito destrutivo do rio.</div>
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É portanto significativo que estes São Julianos compostos tenham sido o padroeiro dos barqueiros dos vaus e das albergarias/mosteiros nas suas imediações, situação que se adapta perfeitamente ao sítio do Gilão, de travessia da velha estrada romana, indiciando uma ausência de ponte, pelo menos na Antiguidade Tardia<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref28"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn28" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[28]</span></a>.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
O bispo moçárabe Juliano</span></b></h2>
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Esta hipótese de um culto local de São Juliano reforça-se também pela existência no séc. X do bispo moçárabe <i>Iulianus</i> (†991), cuja luxuosa lápide funerária foi descoberta na Fonte Salgada, perto de Tavira<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref29"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_Ref96956606"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn29" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[29]</span></a>.<br />
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A presença de uma comunidade cristã no local é já atestada anteriormente, ainda no séc. VIII, pela lápide de <i>Adulteus</i>, clérigo criança falecido em 729.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref30"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn30" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[30]</span></a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SSSsa0JAcww/TWJB76pK7WI/AAAAAAAAAok/AGDZ_aTwku0/s1600/bispo-juliano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SSSsa0JAcww/TWJB76pK7WI/AAAAAAAAAok/AGDZ_aTwku0/s400/bispo-juliano.jpg" width="310" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lápide do bispo Iulianus. Fonte Salgada.<br />
+ HIC REQVIESCVN[T]<br />
M 'EBRA IVLIANI EPISCOPI<br />
QVI OBIIT DIE XII KLS APRLS<br />
ERA XXVIIII POST .T.A<br />
QVESO LECTOR PRO EO ORARE<br />
NON ABNVAS .SIC X PM D'NM<br />
PROTECTOR 'E HABEAS<br />
(P.A.F. 2003; <i>Tavira Território e Poder</i>, nº 169 p. 297)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">Séqua</span></b></h2>
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O nome do rio (ou mais propriamente, do esteiro) de Tavira é dado alternativamente como Séqua, Asseca ou Gilão.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref31"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn31" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[31]</span></a> O apêndice 2 lista cronologicamente atestações destes étimos desde o séc. XIII, revelando as alterações de grafias e das localizações ocorridas ao longo dos séculos.</div>
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O nome <i>Gilão, de origem </i>tardo-antiga e moçárabe, é aplicado apenas ao troço final do rio. Desconhece-se porém o nome pré-islâmico da parte restante do esteiro, entre a cidade e a zona da Asseca.</div>
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<i><br />
Aceca</i> aparece referido desde a conquista portuguesa, como corónimo (<i>"molendinos da Aceca"</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref32"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn32" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[32]</span></a>), revelando já existir na época islâmica, sendo a sua origem árabe , significando provavelmente acéquia (do andaluz <i>assāqya</i>, proveniente do árabe clássico <i>sāqiyah</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref33"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn33" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[33]</span></a>) ou então estrada ou estação viária (do árabe <i>sikka</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref34"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn34" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[34]</span></a>).<br />
O étimo aplica-se ao actual vale da Asseca e ambas as etimologias se ajustam ao local, não sendo infelizmente possível optar por nenhuma delas. </div>
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A forma <i>Cequa/Séqua</i> está atestada desde o séc. XVI e mantém-se persistentemente em alternativa a Asseca, gerando uma notória incerteza e confusão em diversos autores que, ou enumeram as alternativas ou procuram delimitar os troços do rio de modo a eliminá-las<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref35"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn35" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[35]</span></a>. <br />
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A sua adaptação ao troço inicial do rio de Tavira só é claramente explicitada por Silva Lopes em 1841, autor que afirma porém ser Séqua o nome antigo!</div>
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A sobrevivência simultânea de ambos os termos pode corresponder à manutenção de uma versão popular (<i>Asseca</i>) e de uma versão erudita transmitida pela grafia (<i>Séqua</i>), que se terão entretanto confundido<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref36"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn36" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[36]</span></a>.</div>
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Porém, esta confusão persistente, invulgar numa linha de água quase insignificante, pode também dever-se à contaminação com um étimo independente, *<i>SEQUA</i>, que seria o nome primitivo do rio, antes da sua cristianização parcial, e que se teria mantido no troço a montante após a cristianização do vau.</div>
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Neste caso <i>Asseca</i> seria um topónimo posterior, desenvolvido autonomamente a partir de uma das etimologias árabes acima referidas ou por analogia com o hidrónimo anterior, entretanto moçarabizado.<br />
Ter-se-iam assim mantido ambas as formas (árabe e moçárabe) com o predomínio progressivo da primeira, transformada em corónimo dominante na época da conquista portuguesa. </div>
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O nome <i>*SEQUA</i>, não latino, possui uma aparente etimologia céltica, comum a <i>Sequana</i>, divindade fluvial gaulesa com culto nas nascentes do Sena<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref37"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn37" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[37]</span></a>, surgindo noutros locais da península (como na Cantábria)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref38"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn38" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[38]</span></a> em zonas ribeirinhas e alagadas, e portanto semelhantes a Tavira.<br />
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É de notar que o referido culto gaulês tem um carácter principalmente medicinal, abundando os <i>ex-votos</i> em madeira com orgãos e partes do corpo humano, podendo conjecturalmente o nome generalizar-se a nascentes (como a de Tavira) onde tenha existido um culto de funcionalidades semelhantes.</div>
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Pouco se sabe porém sobre eventuais influências religiosas de tipo "céltico" no panteão turdetano algarvio, embora elas sejam perfeitamente possíveis do ponto de vista histórico regional no final da Idade do Ferro<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref39"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn39" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[39]</span></a>.<br />
Poder-se-ia apenas especular sobre uma eventual adopção de uma nomenclatura religiosa Indo-Europeia, em período incerto, a um culto fluvial ancestral que já terá tido expressão nos períodos fenícios e tartéssico.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Conjectura da história do culto do rio</span></b></h2>
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Gilão será assim um hidrónimo cristianizado por sincretismo, num local geocondicionado onde terão existido cultos pré-cristãos associados à presença de um manancial e a rituais de passagem do rio.</div>
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De facto, a relevância da sacralidade pré-romana do sítio do vau destaca-se pela sua localização junto a um antigo local central dos balsenses (o povoado turdetano de Tavira, já referido) e no acesso obrigatório entre o <i>oppidum </i>turdetano do Cerro do Cavaco (a <i>Balsa</i> pré-romana) e o mar.</div>
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A hipótese desse culto ancestral toma corpo quando se nota que a nascente do Gilão constituía a principal fonte de aguada do porto fenício e que o seu caudal se alimenta, através de um aqueduto, de outra nascente situada no cume da colina de Santa Maria<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref40"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn40" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[40]</span></a>. <br />
Esta nascente foi certamente usada nos banhos da mesquita que aí existiu até à conquista portuguesa e sobrevive ainda hoje sob a sacristia da igreja matriz.</div>
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Pensa-se ter existido neste lugar o templo principal do povoado fenício de Tavira. Nele não faltaria, segundo os cânones semitas, um manancial sagrado voltada a nascente no dia do solstício de Verão<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref41"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn41" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[41]</span></a> como é precisamente o caso de Santa Maria!</div>
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O culto ter-se-á mantido sem dúvida na época romana, não só pela relevância da via pública que atravessava o rio como pela posterior dedicação paleocristã, que configura uma apropriação de um lugar sagrado pré-existente. </div>
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Não se conhece porém a divindade indígena objecto desses cultos nem o grau da sua posterior romanização. </div>
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A dedicação a São Juliano pode ser reveladora neste sentido, pois a <i>vita</i> do santo indica que ele se tornou orago de passagens onde até aí existiam sacrifícios a divindades das águas, através de oferendas diversas, que incluíam flores, alimentos simbólicos e vítimas vivas.<br />
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Sabe-se o temor religioso que as travessias de rios ocasionavam na Antiguidade e a necessidade de expiar a travessia com um sacrifício, a fim de evitar a própria morte. Segundo um padrão mitológico Indo-Europeu muito difundido, o rio personificava uma divindade viva, havendo notícias em que o seu culto primitivo exigia "um fôlego por dia", isto é sacrifícios diários de vítimas, que, em certas culturas e em certas ocasiões podiam ser humanas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref42"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn42" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[42]</span></a>.<br />
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A cristianização dos vaus associa-se por um lado à erradicação destas práticas mas por outro à manutenção de um apoio canónico perante os perigos sobrenaturais (agora demoníacos) e reais da travessia do rio, idênticos aos do paganismo.</div>
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Estar-se-á assim, provavelmente, na presença de um "Neptuno" pré-romano ou de uma divindade feminina de cariz indo-europeu, pouco romanizada, habituais em hidrónimos, o que poderia justificar o já referido e inexplicável topónimo Séqua, nome do rio no percurso a montante.</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="Sequa"></a><br />
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Para além deste culto de travessia fluvial não podemos ignorar a tradição funerária proto-histórica de enterramentos aquáticos, associada a oferendas ctónicas de armas e objectos preciosos, afundados ritualmente, geralmente acompanhado por sacrifícios humanos.<br />
<br />
Esta tradição, também compatível com o culto posterior a São Juliano, tem diversos exemplos na Gália céltica e está atestada de modo extraordinário no esteiro de Huelva<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref43"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn43" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[43]</span></a>, grande centro tartéssico próximo de Tavira.</div>
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Rituais semelhantes (de características consideradas por muitos autores como célticas, de tradição arcaica indo-europeia ou do substrato cultural do Bronze Atlântico) seriam então de esperar em centros coevos da mesma área geocultural, como é o caso de Tavira turdetana.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Época Islâmica: Gilão e Gillā. Ibn Qassî.</span></b></h2>
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A lápide de <i>Adulteus</i> e o tipo de culto de São Juliano, já referidos, permitem propor a existência de um mosteiro/albergaria junto à passagem do rio, o que se enquadra bem no padrão de localização destes estabelecimentos desde (pelo menos) o séc. VII e até (no máximo) à 2ª década do séc. XII<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref44"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn44" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[44]</span></a>. </div>
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A partir da topografia e de indícios posteriores é possível estabelecer a localização desse mosteiro na pequena península-colina de Sant'Ana, sobre o vau do rio e pela qual passava a antiga via romana.</div>
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Aqui foi encontrada uma sepultura antropomórfica escavada na rocha, possivelmente tardo-antiga ou moçárabe. Infelizmente, por decisão da C.M.T. a intervenção arqueológica que a revelou foi muito limitada.<br />
A sepultura foi apenas parcialmente descoberta, acompanhada de outras localizadas em níveis superiores, de forma oval e igualmente escavadas na rocha. Nenhuma delas produziu espólio<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref45"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn45" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[45]</span></a>.</div>
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*<i>Sancti Iuliani</i> deveria designar tanto o rio como o mosteiro. Na Época Islâmica o provável nome arabizado seria *<i>Šangilan </i>e o mosteiro terá sido provavelmente assimilado a um habitat com o carácter de aldeia moçárabe, após o eventual desaparecimento do culto cristão, provavelmente extinto com a fundação Almorávida de Tavira. Como se disse acima, ter-se-á arabizado de forma regular com o sufixo –ā, passando a chamar-se <i>Gillā</i>. </div>
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A posição do Alto de Sant'Ana num cruzamento marítimo e terrestre estratégico ; o seu carácter de elevação peninsular isolada e fortificável ; e a sua separação da povoação de Tavira pelo rio, definem uma topografia adequada e arqueologicamente compatível com um <i>ribat </i>Almorávida, na zona do antigo mosteiro<i>.</i></div>
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De facto a origem islâmica ou anterior da primitiva ermida de Sant'Ana é-nos indicada na Visitação da Ordem de Santiago de 1517-18, onde se afirma <i>"que a dita Irmida hé tam antigua que non há hy memoria de quem a edificou"</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref46"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn46" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[46]</span></a>, termos idênticos aos aplicados a todas as antigas mesquitas visitadas.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sDahcvvO9lU/TWJDKtZPOII/AAAAAAAAAos/vCKuGp3a-MA/s1600/gilla.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sDahcvvO9lU/TWJDKtZPOII/AAAAAAAAAos/vCKuGp3a-MA/s640/gilla.JPG" width="604" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Páleo-península de Sant'Ana e sítio de passagem da via romana e das estradas posteriores, antes da construção da ponte islâmica e dos seus acessos sobre-elevados sobre o sapal.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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A partir de meados do séc. XII o sítio integrará o sistema defensivo de Tavira, com o objectivo de controlar o acesso ao vau do rio a partir da margem esquerda.</div>
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O quadro toponímico e corográfico acima descrito permite fundamentar a proposta de identificação do sítio de Sant'Ana com a <i>qaria Gillā</i>, referida nas fontes árabes medievais como terra natal e lugar de propriedades familiares de <i>Ibn Qassî<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref47"></a></i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn47" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[47]</span></a>, que aí fundou um <i>ribat</i> antes do inicio da sua sedição anti-Almorávida (iniciada em 1144)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref48"></a><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn48" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[48]</span></a></span>.<br />
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Esta identificação na zona de Tavira, integrada na <i>kura </i>de Silves<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref49"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn49" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[49]</span></a>, reforça-se pelo facto de <i>Ibn Qassî </i>ter como aliado de primeira hora o <i>rais</i> de Tavira, Âmir Ibn Mahîb (ou Wahîb)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref50"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn50" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[50]</span></a> e de Tavira ter sido posteriormente um centro de difusão do sufismo popular (a ideologia religiosa de Ibn Qassî) no Norte de África<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref51"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn51" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[51]</span></a>.</div>
<h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
A ascendência de Ibn Qassî e os Cássios balsenses</span></b></h2>
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<i>Ibn Qassî</i> pertencia a uma família abastada da elite <i>mulladi</i>. O seu nome, que significa "filho de Cássio"<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref52"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn52" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[52]</span></a>, confirma-o. A manutenção de um patronímico latino indicia ter pertencido a uma das primeiras gerações islamizadas da <i>Qaria Gillā.</i><br />
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Tal parece significar que o lugar permaneceu um núcleo de população moçárabe até à conquista Almorávida ou talvez antes (segundo Khawli), convivendo com o novo povoado muçulmano de <i>Tabira</i>, fundado na outra margem em finais do séc. XI<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref53"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn53" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[53]</span></a>. </div>
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Khawli propõe a hipótese do patronímico <i>Cássio </i>ser reminiscente da <i>gens</i> romana homónima Alto-imperial, testemunhando uma continuidade de linhagem. Trata-se, no nosso entender, de uma hipótese difícil mas aliciante: </div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Tem a favor o facto de os dois únicos <i>Cassii </i>conhecidos a Sul de Beja serem precisamente de Balsa, do Séc. II d.C.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref54"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn54" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[54]</span></a> e de o velho gentilício ter sobrevivido na estirpe local da família do <i>mahdi </i>até finais do Séc. XI. Ora uma família moçárabe da zona de Tavira, abastada, de nome romano e não visigótico, poderá bem ter sido o ramo final de uma linhagem de <i>honestiores </i>balsenses do Baixo Império, com origens no Séc. IV ou mesmo antes! </div>
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·<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Tem contra si o facto do período de tempo é demasiado longo e o número de achados onomásticos demasiado escasso, sem atestações intermédias. Falta-nos, infelizmente, a sobrevivência de um topónimo local (como *<i>Cassana <</i> <i>Cassiana < </i>VILLA CASSIANA ou *Caçim < VILLA CASSIANI), para poder validar territorialmente a hipótese.</div>
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Embora perfeitamente secundária relativamente à temática deste estudo, a apresentação e fundamentação da hipótese da origem tavirense de Ibn Qassî representa um aspecto importante da história de Tavira islâmica.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">As "pegadas" de Tavira</span></h1>
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Na região de Tavira existe uma quantidade invulgar de referências a <b>podomorfos</b>, gravuras na pedra representando um ou mais pés. A tabela seguinte sintetiza os dados conhecidos, localizando-se os últimos quatro sítios na actual zona urbana de Tavira.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Nome</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Tipo de informação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Manancial</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Hagiónimo paleocristão</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Tipologia viária</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Local</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fonte</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fonte do Bispo</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Notícia de pegada gravada numa rocha junto à fonte antiga, com estado de conservação desconhecido.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref55"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn55" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[55]</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Fonte que sobreviveu até à actualidade</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Estação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Via</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">secundária</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Manuel Maia </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Quinta da Pegada</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Notícia de pegada gravada na rocha, já destruída</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Provável nascente</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Vizinhança</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Via</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">secundária</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Manuel Maia, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Repertório toponímico IGEOE</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Pegada</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Referência toponímica sem mais informação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Estação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Caminho ancestral</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Repertório toponímico IGEOE</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Pezinhos</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Referência toponímica sem mais informação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Estação</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Caminho ancestral</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Repertório toponímico IGEOE</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Pegada de Deus</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Referência toponímica</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Provável fontanário</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">São Brás</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Ermida</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Cruzamento</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">Via </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt;">principal x caminho</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt;">VASCONCELOS 1937: 272</span></div>
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É a única concentração conhecida no Algarve, que inexplicavelmente nunca atraiu a atenção dos investigadores! Nada se conhece sobre as figuras, sendo apenas possível especular quanto à sua datação, tendo em conta os exemplos estudados noutras regiões. Pertencerão assim ao longo período, de mais de um milénio, que abrange a Idade do Bronze e do Ferro<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref56"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn56" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[56]</span></a>.</div>
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A sua proximidade dos centros turdetanos de Tavira e do Cerro do Cavaco e a sua integração na a rede viária posterior, relacionada com esses centros, permite atribui-lhes uma datação mais tardia, entre os sécs. V e II a. C.</div>
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Os podomorfos são considerados símbolos religiosos (ver o Apêndice 3) e a sua associação a mananciais é talvez a mais comum, combinando-se com a simbologia específica da água. Consistiam então numa sinalética de "águas santas", quer como etapa de um périplo definido pela divindade, quer pelas suas propriedades milagrosas, quer ainda como porta de ligação com o outro mundo, geralmente ctónico ou com outro plano de existência.<br />
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Em termos quotidianos da religiosidade popular devem ser interpretados como lugar de águas medicinais ou veterinárias ou de água potável para os viajantes e gados, associado a práticas sacrificiais de retribuição, expiação e pacificação.</div>
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Pode postular-se o seu enquadramento numa sociedade rural em que os trânsitos pecuários estão integralmente ritualizados pelas necessidades de dessedentação do gado e pela sazonalidade das passagens e dos caudais. Enquadram-se também numa sociedade em que as funções terapêuticas e profilácticas estão intimamente associadas ao uso da água e aos respectivos cultos.</div>
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A inclusão das "pegadas" no estudo da rede viária romana de Tavira provém da sua articulação perfeita com a via romana de <i>Balsa</i> a <i>Baesuris</i> e as suas ramificações locais, devendo-se também à sua associação com lugares de culto cristãos muito posteriores, sugerindo uma continuidade mantida durante a Época Romana.</div>
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Elas definem uma malha de pontos numa rede de caminhos, que pode ser completada por outros sítios que, embora não tendo vestígios conhecidos de "pegadas", possuem localizações determinantes, uma natureza de manancial e/ou uma função de marco viário. <br />
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Estes pontos são identificados na tabela seguinte, associando as suas características religiosas, aquáticas, viárias e arqueológicas:</div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Nome</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Hagiónimo paleocristão</span></div>
</td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.38%;" valign="top" width="15%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Manancial</span></div>
</td> <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(230, 230, 230); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.36%;" valign="top" width="17%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Tradição ou dedução antropológica pré-cristã</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Tipologia viária</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Local</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Tipo arqueológico</span></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">São Pedro</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">São Pedro</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.78%;" valign="top" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Estação/sítio</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via principal</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Calçada romana</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte das Bicas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">São Juliano</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte e nascente submarina</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Provável culto sacrificial associado ao vau</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cristianizado, desaparecido</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Vau</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via principal</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Provável sítio de aguada portuária dos povoados fenício e tartéssico</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">São Marcos</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">(Senhora da Saúde)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">São Marcos</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Ermida</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.36%;" valign="top" width="17%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Culto de fertilidade agro-pecuário e medicinal</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cristianizado, sobrevivente</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.78%;" valign="top" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cruzamento</span></div>
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</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 12.38%;" valign="top" width="12%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via secundária x caminho</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Poço de Vaz Varela</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.38%;" valign="top" width="15%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Poço</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.36%;" valign="top" width="17%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Lenda ctónica</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Islamizada e convertida em narrativa popular</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.78%;" valign="top" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cruzamento</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 12.38%;" valign="top" width="12%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via principal x caminho</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;" valign="top" width="18%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Pego do Inferno</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.38%;" valign="top" width="15%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cascata e lagoa profunda</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Lugar do banquete ritual do dia de Maio<br />
Lenda de lagoa sem fundo, origem do topónimo</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Estação<br />
Bebedouro</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via pecuária principal</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Alto do Cano</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 15.38%;" valign="top" width="15%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte/nascente</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11.78%;" valign="top" width="11%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cruzamento</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 12.38%;" valign="top" width="12%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via principal x secundária</span></div>
</td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.42%;" valign="top" width="18%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 12.58%;" valign="top" width="12%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Salgada </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Cruzamento</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via secundária x caminho</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Sepultura moçárabe (bispo s. X)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Guomeira</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Fonte</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Estação/sítio</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Via principal</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Santa Maria</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Nascente</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Certamente a nascente do templo fenício que existia no local.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Provável abastecimento </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">do sítio romana da Bela Fria</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Santo</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">António</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Nascente termal</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Provável abastecimento do sítio romano da Atalaia</span></i></div>
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<h1 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h1>
<h1 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;">O povoamento rural romano nos arredores de Tavira</span></h1>
<h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Cadastro romano</span></b></h2>
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As marcas cadastrais atribuídas à Época Romana e registadas nesta zona (Vale Formoso e, sobretudo, planície de Cacela) têm uma orientação distinta da zona centuriada centrada em <i>Balsa</i>, sugerindo tratar-se ou de uma demarcação posterior ou de uma unidade administrativa distinta, provavelmente centrada em Cacela ou São Bartolomeu.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref57"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn57" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[57]</span></a></div>
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O padrão do cadastro actual dos vales da Asseca e da sua continuação para Nascente, na orla meridional da Serra, de <i>cardines </i>compatíveis com o provável <i>decumanus</i> de Vale Formoso, sugere uma divisão de grande escopo que transcende totalmente o sistema de propriedade moderno e cuja origem medieval é desconhecida e pouco provável.<br />
<br />
Esta divisão estabelece-se perpendicularmente ao eixo do vale, correspondendo a tractos de terra de pastos húmidos ou de maior qualidade agrícola. Propomos uma origem romana para esta divisão fundiária, que corresponderá, pela sua forma, ao processo de divisão cadastral em <i>strigae</i> e <i>scamnae</i>, descrito pelos gromáticos.<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><i> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref58"></a></i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn58" title=""><b>[58]</b></a></span></span></div>
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O termo <i>striga</i> poderá estar na etimologia dos lugares de <i>Estiramantens</i> (no limite norte das centúrias balsenses) e <i>Estraga Mantens</i> (na Serra), topónimos moçárabes provenientes do latim tardio, quiçá já com o sentido de tiras de terra, longas e estreitas.</div>
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A delimitação cadastral nas formas<i> strigae/scamnae</i> aplica-se a vales planos, de valor agro-pecuário, encaixados entre terrenos montanhosos e pobres. A centuriação clássica é impossível nestas topografias, devido à estreiteza e mudanças de direcção da faixa de terra útil.</div>
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Este processo, consistiria na divisão em talhões perpendicularmente a um eixo que pode mudar de direcção (<i>striga</i> em talhões verticais ao longo de um eixo horizontal e <i>scamna</i>, vice-versa).<br />
O vale da Asseca estaria assim submetido a um cadastro <i>strigatum</i>, em contraste com o restante território litoral, em que são notáveis os vestígios de centuriações ortogonais clássicas.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JY9OhV1z3fo/TWJC0CIDs4I/AAAAAAAAAoo/4kRaIt-fcQ0/s1600/Balsa-Tavira+Romana+2_unlocked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JY9OhV1z3fo/TWJC0CIDs4I/AAAAAAAAAoo/4kRaIt-fcQ0/s640/Balsa-Tavira+Romana+2_unlocked.jpg" width="427" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Região dos estuários do Séqua e de Almargem na Época Romana</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">Paul da Asseca</span></b></h2>
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O sítio romano do Paul da Asseca ultrapassa, pela sua extensão e quantidade dos achados<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref59"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn59" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[59]</span></a>, a dimensão habitual destes estabelecimentos, configurando-se como um <i>vicus</i> estuarino e o mais importante povoado secundário de <i>Balsa</i> nesta zona.</div>
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O sítio nunca foi convenientemente estudado, sendo impossível definir elementos da sua topografia.<br />
Os achados continuam a aparecer até hoje, numa extensão de alguns quilómetros, sem qualquer controlo, havendo notícias recentes de sepulturas, moedas e materiais de construção, que têm surgido em diversos locais aquando da plantação dos pomares de citrinos que actualmente cobrem a maior parte do terreno.</div>
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Não é clara porém a proveniência do grande capitel coríntio aí localizado há alguns anos, sem contexto nem outros vestígios de colunas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref60"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn60" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[60]</span></a>. Poderá tratar-se de um dos desaparecidos capiteis de <i>Balsa</i>, trazido por um proprietário local.</div>
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Perto do local de achamento do capitel existe uma importante mina (poço horizontal) escavada na rocha, constituída por uma abertura, onde foi reaproveitado um grande lintel de cantaria talhada, e por uma galeria transitável com cerca de duas dezenas de metros, terminando num manancial interior junto ao veio de água.</div>
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Há notícia de fortes muros de alvenaria impermeável situados a uma cota mais elevada na área dos Moinhos da Rocha. Poderão ter pertencido ao dispositivo desses moinhos hidráulicos, que já existiam no período islâmico, ou a uma barragem romana mais antiga.</div>
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O <i>Pego do Inferno</i>, com a sua profunda lagoa e cascata naturais situa-se dentro do perímetro de achados arqueológicos. Foi usado, tradicionalmente, como um dos mais importantes bebedouros de gado da zona, com água corrente em toda a estação estival.<br />
<br />
É também o local mais importante, na área de Tavira, da celebração do banquete ritual do dia de Maio.<br />
Corresponderá assim ao lugar de um primitivo santuário aquático e silvestre, associado às passagens de gados aos festivais comemorativos do Verão e propiciatórios da fertilidade humana, dedicados naturalmente a Diana e Silvano na Época romana e com uma provável origem anterior.</div>
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A dispersão de achados funerários indicia terem existido pelo menos duas necrópoles de dimensões consideráveis, para além de outras mais pequenas ou sepulturas isoladas. <br />
<br />
Descobriu-se recentemente na encosta Sul do vale, numa cota elevada e distante dos habitats humanos, um conjunto de covas horizontais escavadas na rocha e com abertura voltada a nascente, sem espólio arqueológico<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref61"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn61" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[61]</span></a>. Poderá corresponder a uma necrópole, pilhada ou nunca utilizada, de época indeterminada.</div>
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Provém do Paul uma significativa lápide da época romana, datada de finais do séc. II ou inícios do III<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref62"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn62" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[62]</span></a>, dedicada a <i>Salianus</i> pelo seu pai <i>Romulensis</i>.<br />
<br />
Segundo a leitura de Alexandre Cesário<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref63"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn63" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[63]</span></a>, seriam uma família proveniente da Bética, sendo o pai de Sevilha (<i>colonia Iulia Romula Hispalis</i>) e o filho de <i>Singilia Barba</i>, (arredores de Antequera, Málaga), provavelmente ligados à industria de olaria ou cerâmica. Indígenas romanizados, imigrantes na região de <i>Balsa</i>, ter-se-iam localizado no <i>vicus</i> do Paul, onde existem barros de qualidade.</div>
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Embora não se tenham encontrado até à data vestígios de fornos ou produção cerâmica da época romana, estes indícios ajustam-se à sua localização industrial óptima, sobre uma via de comunicação entre os filões de matéria prima e o cais de embarque ligado aos portos litorais e ao mar aberto.</div>
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De facto, o sítio dispõe-se ao longo do vale da ribeira da Asseca, a meio caminho entre a margem do antigo esteiro navegável (São Domingos da Asseca) e os filões argilosos das Hortas e Fonte do Bispo.<br />
<br />
Situa-se junto à via interior da orla serrana, tendo também uma ligação directa a <i>Balsa</i> por um caminho secundário, que seguiria por Prego (topónimo de raiz latina *<i>PRÆCUM, </i>significando oratório ou pequeno lugar de culto na berma da estrada)<i> e</i> Igreja (Santo Estêvão).</div>
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Seria portanto, em síntese:</div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Um centro agrícola multinucleado, com provável irrigação artificial dos campos e mais que provável abastecimento de água às casas mais importantes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 12.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Uma estação viária sacralizada, associada a trânsitos pecuários.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 12.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Um centro oleiro local, de cerâmica comum e materiais de construção. </div>
<h2 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Santo Estêvão</span></b></h2>
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A primeira referência à igreja e freguesia de Santo Estêvão parece ser de 1597<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref64"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn64" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[64]</span></a>. A igreja ainda não é referida na Visitação de 1517-18 da Ordem de Santiago, mas o hagiónimo já o é, relativo a uma herdade<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref65"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn65" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[65]</span></a>. O culto ao santo será assim anterior à criação da igreja e da freguesia, desconhecendo-se porém a sua origem:</div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Poderá ser paleocristã, devido à presença do topónimo local <i>Igreja</i>, com importantes vestígios romanos, a cerca de um quilómetro do templo actual, sem memória religiosa associada<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref66"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn66" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[66]</span></a>. <br />
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O culto de Santo Estêvão difunde-se com o domínio bizantino (A imperatriz Eudóxia dedica-lhe uma igreja em 444<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref67"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn67" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[67]</span></a> e está atestado no panteão bizantino norte-africano<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref68"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn68" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[68]</span></a>) e é assim provavelmente introduzido no Sul da Península Ibérica no séc. VI<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref69"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn69" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[69]</span></a>. </div>
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As cavalhadas no dia do santo (a 26 de Dezembro, tradição mantida localmente até aos dias de hoje) são um elemento habitual associado ao seu culto e de incontestável origem pré-cristã<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref70"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn70" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[70]</span></a>, integradas nas festividades do Solstício de Inverno. Esta é uma data nodal das festividades cíclicas celebradas em virtualmente todas as religiões pré-cristãs da área de influência greco-romana. <br />
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O Cristianismo dos sécs. V e VI neutralizou as festividades pagãs mais importantes dessa data através da sua associação ao culto de santos específicos, celebrados em dias próximos. <br />
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Uma delas foi a de Epona, divindade feminina guerreira e equina, de origem celta e com grande difusão nos meios militares romanos, celebrada no calendário romano a 18 de Dezembro<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref71"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn71" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[71]</span></a>. As corridas de cavalos que a caracterizavam foram um dos elementos integrados no culto de Santo Estêvão, nomeadamente em meios militares cristianizados.<br />
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Esta tradição pode ter-se facilmente mantido no cristianismo moçárabe, na sua faceta naturalista agro-pecuária, bem atestada nas proibições das autoridades eclesiásticas pós-trentinas e nas reminiscências do cristianismo popular do Sul.<br />
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Resta dizer que Santo Estêvão de Tavira se localiza muito próximo da grande charca ou albufeira que abastecia a cidade romana de Balsa<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref72"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn72" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[72]</span></a>, zona em cujas margens deveria ser mais abundante o pasto e água apropriada para a criação estival de equinos.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>A presença nos arredores de Tavira deste culto hagiográfico e da sua tradição equestre terá no entanto, mais provavelmente, uma origem posterior à conquista portuguesa, correspondendo a uma devoção do séc. XV associada à actividade das milícias de defesa das praças de Marrocos. <br />
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A criação de cavalos e os exercícios de treino militar são suficientes para justificar uma dedicação ao santo, importada de zonas galaico-portuguesas. Sabe-se de facto que a zona da Luz de Tavira, em que o território de Santo Estêvão então se incluía, foi nessa época uma área de colonização rural associada à defesa das fortalezas africanas<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref73"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn73" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[73]</span></a>.</div>
<h1 style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Abandono ou ruralização da zona de Tavira. Uma hipótese interpretativa</b></span></h1>
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A multiplicidade de podomorfos, acima referidos, num espaço geográfico muito limitado revela a persistência, durante a época Romana, de um culto anterior localmente muito difundido. Este culto estará ligado, como se disse, a percursos e mananciais, tendo mantido uma simbologia indígena.<br />
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A reconstituição complementar da rede viária local e doutros pontos geocondicionados notáveis permite propor a existência de uma sacralização sistemática das nascentes e cruzamentos em moldes semelhantes, que se manteve parcialmente até à actualidade, através de dedicações paleocristãs e rededicações posteriores.<br />
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Não há contudo, para nenhum deles, notícias de uma romanização formal, seja através de intervenções arquitectónicas ou estilísticas ou de objectos de culto.</div>
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Contrasta de facto a baixa densidade dos sítios romanos conhecidos em torno da laguna do Séqua-Almargem, relativamente à conhecida fertilidade estuarina e agrícola do local e, sobretudo, comparativamente às elevadas densidades de povoamento verificadas noutros <i>habitats</i> estuarinos do Algarve, como os de Lagos, Alvor e do antigo delta do Guadiana, considerando o número elevado de sítios arqueológicos conhecidos.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref74"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn74" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[74]</span></a></div>
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A rarefacção de vestígios arqueológicos romanos poderá, porém, dever-se apenas à sua eliminação precoce, provocada pela intensificação da ocupação agrícola originada pelo desenvolvimento do aro de Tavira, após o séc. XI.<br />
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Essa obliteração arqueológica é muito provável em primitivos habitats rurais que se tenham posteriormente: ou urbanizado; ou submetido a uma exploração agrícola continuada; ou mantido reocupações sucessivas. Os modestos vestígios romanos característicos desses povoamentos tendem a desaparecer rapidamente nessas circunstâncias.</div>
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A ausência de grandes estruturas, estátuas, lápides escritas e elementos arquitectónicos clássicos também não terá atraído a atenção de antiquários e arqueólogos até à década de 60 do Século XX, altura em que se iniciaram as maiores e mais radicais destruições agrícolas e urbanísticas.<br />
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Salvo raras excepções de sobrevivências toponímicas e etnográficas, apenas permanecem neste tipo de locais fragmentos cerâmicos isolados e dispersos e eventuais vestígios de metalurgia, somente identificáveis por prospecções sistemáticas e cuidadosas, que nunca foram realizadas. </div>
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Contudo, a hipótese do registo arqueológico reflectir uma efectiva "ruralização desertificada" numa zona naturalmente fértil, pode ter tido causas patogénicas (epidemias), políticas (deslocação mais ou menos compulsiva da população para a cidade de <i>Balsa</i> ou dispersa por outras regiões) ou agrárias (monopolização da terra impedindo a sua colonização e exploração).<br />
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O modo da refundação municipal Flávia de <i>Balsa</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref75"></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn75" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b>[75]</b></span></a></span> e a presença de um significativo contingente de cidadãos de origem alógena sugere a confirmação de um sério défice demográfico anterior na região e no próprio centro urbano. As causas deste fenómeno, que corrobora a raridade de sítios romanos já referida, permanecem desconhecidas.</div>
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A sacralização sistemática atrás referida traduz, no meu entender, um elevado grau de domínio do território, uma familiaridade e um sentido de identificação só possível pela manutenção de uma memória cultural continuada através de gerações.<br />
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A densidade da malha resultante revela também uma ocupação intensa e permanente, sedentária e/ou com ritmos bem assentes de circulação sazonal.</div>
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A transparência das formas de culto pré-romanas parece significar assim a manutenção da identidade cultural e da apropriação do território pelas populações indígenas rurais, sendo também de esperar uma continuidade toponímica, hoje infelizmente desaparecida, para além do possível caso de <i>Séqua</i>, já referido.</div>
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Esta apropriação pré-romana do território seria a existente na fase final de <i>Balsa</i> pré-romana, correspondente ao predomínio do <i>oppidum</i> do Cerro do Cavaco, podendo no entanto ter raízes anteriores. </div>
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Pode-se assim postular que nesta zona do território balsense<i> </i>se tenha mantido uma população de extracto indígena, habitantes rurais de <i>pagi</i>, sem direitos de cidadania municipal e pertencendo aos níveis sociais mais inferiores, não tendo por isso de fazer nenhum esforço especial para se romanizar.</div>
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A aparente ausência de povoados com características indígenas mais ou menos romanizadas sugere que essa população indígena não estaria organizada em comunidades <i>peregrinas</i>, sob a forma de <i>vici.</i></div>
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Por outro lado, a presença de sítios e de marcas cadastrais romanas na vizinhança indica que a terra terá sido efectivamente dividida e distribuída segundo o modo Romano clássico.</div>
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Esta aparente contradição leva a crer na manutenção das relações fundiárias anteriores, enquadradas no sistema administrativo romano, em que as terras foram assignadas aos descendentes de próceres indígenas, entretanto romanizados e urbanizados, provavelmente no processo de mudança de estatuto de <i>Balsa</i>, de comunidade <i>peregrina estipendiária</i> para município de direito latino. </div>
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Esses próceres terão porém continuado a utilizar as relações de clientela e dependência rural pré-existentes, mantendo os sistemas de exploração e de ocupação do território e a continuidade populacional e cultural referidas, num quadro de habitat rural disperso, de pequenas dimensões e, muito provavelmente, com uma densidade populacional muito baixa, sem expressão arqueológica romanizada.</div>
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Em termos formais, terá sido assim uma zona em que se verificou a manutenção da formação social turdetana original, articulada com o modo de produção tributário instituído pela municipalização romana do território. </div>
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No entanto, esta provável não romanização rural não se pode nem deve generalizar à totalidade do território balsense. Não existia certamente nem nas áreas centuriadas, apropriadas por colonos-cidadãos urbanos, nem muito menos, nas <i>villae</i> e <i>fundi</i> romanizados, demarcados no exterior da <i>pertica</i>, das quais sobreviveram por vezes notícias através da manutenção da toponímia dos <i>possessores</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_ednref76"></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_edn76" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b>[76]</b></span></a></span><i> </i>(embora estas possam ser mais tardias, constituídas sobre terras primitivamente centuriadas e posteriormente desvinculadas dos <i>agri</i> sob administração curial).<b><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn1"></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref1" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[1]</span></a> A bibliografia referida na versão original apresenta-se em apêndice, na versão pdf. A outra é explicitada em nota, na sua primeira referência.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn2"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref2" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[2]</span></a> FRAGA 2005a: Restituições topográficas III, Mapa 11.6 e FRAGA 2005b: <i>O porto</i>, 33</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn3"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref3" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[3]</span></a> A 1ª etapa do Itinerário XXI, de <i>Esuri</i> <i>Pace Iulia</i> (Wess. 425.6; CUNTZ 1929: 66).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn4"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref4" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[4]</span></a> Incluído num grande itinerário entre o Estreito de Gibraltar e Braga, que aproveita troços de Itinerários Antoninos anteriores (SCHNETZ 1940: 79, IV 43).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn5"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref5" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[5]</span></a> SÃO JOSÉ 1577: 52-53 e ANICA 1989: 226, nº 4.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn6"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref6" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[6]</span></a> CASTRO 1751: IV, 568 e ANICA 1993: 73.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn7"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref7" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[7]</span></a> SALGADO 1786: 128-9.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn8"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref8" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[8]</span></a> SALGADO 1786: dedicatória e p. 129-130, nota 6.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn9"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref9" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[9]</span></a> Catálogo de SIMÕES 1869: 12.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn10"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref10" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[10]</span></a> GONÇALVES 2007: Gonçalves, Luis R.; <i>Escultura romana em Portugal: uma arte do quotidiano</i>, Studia Lusitana (2), 2 vols., Merida, 2007. Este autor faz a descrição mais completa da peça e do seu contexto e compila a respectiva bibliografia mais actualizada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn11"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref11" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[11]</span></a> CAETANO, João. O. & NOGALES Basarrate, Trinidad. (coords.) <i>Imagenes y mansajes. Escultura romana del Mvsev de Évora</i>, Évora, 2005.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn12"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref12" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[12]</span></a> M MAIA 2003 e FRAGA 2003b.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn13"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref13" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[13]</span></a> PEREIRA 1992.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn14"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref14" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[14]</span></a> ANICA 1993: 81-82 e PEREIRA 1992</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn15"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref15" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[15]</span></a> PEREIRA 1992: 78-79. É também a opinião de Maria Maia. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn16"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref16" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[16]</span></a> Sobre as nascentes da Atalaia ver SARRÃO 1607: 167 e LOPES 1841: 357-8</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn17"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref17" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[17]</span></a> SARRÃO 1607: 167 e ANICA 1993: 228-239</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn18"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref18" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[18]</span></a> Parte da terra pertencente à <i>civitas,</i> cadastrada e distribuída aos seus cidadãos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn19"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref19" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[19]</span></a> VAZ 1992: 162</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn20"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref20" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[20]</span></a> FERNANDES, LÍDIA 2010: nº 25, p. 170: "Plástica decorativa do Sul da Lusitânia: a propósito dos capitéis romanos da região algarvia" in XELB (10), <i>Actas do 7º Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve (Silves, 22-24 Out. 2009</i>, Silves; 155-189</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn21"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref21" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[21]</span></a><i> Contra</i> (RODRIGUES E BERNARDES 2003: 140), repetido em (RODRIGUES 2004: 43), que coloca a passagem provável no sítio da ponte medieval.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn22"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref22" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[22]</span></a> SECCO 1560</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn23"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref23" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[23]</span></a> COROMINES 1965: vol. 1, p. 14.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn24"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref24" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[24]</span></a> FRAGA 2002a: 61-65.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn25"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref25" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[25]</span></a> ST. PATRICK 2005b.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn26"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref26" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[26]</span></a> Difusão no Noroeste a partir do séc. VII segundo (MENÉNDEZ, J. 2000: <i>A construção do território. Mapa Histórico do Noroeste da Península Ibérica</i>, Fundação Rei Afonso Henriques & Lunwerg Eds., Barcelona e Madrid: 165).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn27"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref27" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[27]</span></a> ST. PATRICK 2005b.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn28"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref28" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[28]</span></a> Moisés Espírito Santo indica outros exemplos no território português do culto portuário-fluvial de São Juliano. (SANTO, M. E. 2004: <i>Cinco mil anos de cultura a Oeste. Etno-história da religião popular numa região da Estremadura</i>, Assírio & Alvim, Lisboa: 303)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn29"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref29" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[29]</span></a> HÜBNER 1871: 69, nº 210 e FERNANDES 2003. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn30"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref30" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[30]</span></a> MACIEL 2003: 123-4</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn31"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref31" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[31]</span></a> PROENÇA 1927: 255</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn32"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref32" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[32]</span></a> AFONSO III 1266</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn33"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref33" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[33]</span></a> CORRIENTE 1999: 85, verbete <i>acequia</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn34"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref34" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[34]</span></a> SÁNCHEZ 1995: 62</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn35"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref35" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[35]</span></a> As folhas 599 e 600 da Carta Militar, de 1951, fazem doutrina neste sentido, como se pode ver na tabela.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn36"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref36" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[36]</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Informação de Alice Fernandes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn37"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref37" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[37]</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> OLMSTED, Garret S. 1994: <i>The gods of the Celts and the Indo-Europeans</i>, Archaeolingua, Budapest: 157 e 366.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="FR">LACROIX, Jacques 2007: <i>Les noms d'origine gauloise. La Gaule des dieux</i>, Errance, Paris: 50-1, 78.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="FR"> </span><span lang="EN-US">GREEN, Miranda 1986: <i>The gods of the Celts</i>, Sutton Publ., Stroud, ed. 2004: 139-40. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn38"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref38" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[38]</span></a> Um documento de 1082, do Cartulário de Santillana del Mar, diz: <i>in illo loco que vocitant Sequas, iusta riba mare...</i> (Léxico hispánico primitivo, Ed. Manuel Seco, R.A.E./Espasa Calpe, Madrid 2003 verbete <i>barqueria </i>p. 86)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn39"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref39" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[39]</span></a> MAIA, Manuel 1987, <i>Romanização do território hoje português a Sul do Tejo</i>, F.L.L., Lisboa, 12-78.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> idem</i> 1990, "Povos do Sul de Portugal nas fontes clássicas – Cónios", Arqueologia e História (Sér. X-Vol I/II (1)-1984/88), Lisboa, 73-79.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> GAMITO, Teresa J. 1984, “Celtic culture in Portugal. <span lang="EN-US">The Archaeological Evidence”, Celtic Cultures Newsletter, Dublin, 23 s.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span>idem </i>1989, “Paleoetnologia do Centro e Sul de Portugal”, Paleoetnologia de la Península Ibérica, Reunión de 13-15 diciembre, COMPLUTUM 2-3, Madrid, 329-337.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i><i><span lang="EN-US">idem </span></i><span lang="EN-US">1991, “The Celts in western Iberia”, EC XXVIII, 173-194.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i><i><span lang="FR">idem </span></i><span lang="FR">1994, “Les celtes et le Portugal”, Aquitania XII, 415-430</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="FR"> </span>ALARCÃO, J. 1992, "Etnogeografia da Fachada Atlântica Ocidental daPenínsula Ibérica" , Complutum (2/3), 339-45</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span lang="FR">MACIAS, J.A. Pérez 1996, “La transición a la Edad del Hierro en el suroeste penínsular. </span>El problema de los celtici”, SPAL 5, Sevilla, 101-114.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> VILATELA, L. Pérez 2000, <i>Lusitania. História e Etnologia</i>, R.A.H., Madrid, 203-258.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span lang="EN-US">KOCH, JOHN T. 2010, "Paradigm shift? Interpreting Tartessian as Celtic" <i>in </i>(Cunliffe, B. & Koch J. T. eds.) <i>Celtic from the West</i>, Oxbow, Oxford: 185-301. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn40"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref40" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[40]</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> LOPES 1841: 361.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn41"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref41" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[41]</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> CARRASCO 2002: 48-49, 68-70</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn42"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref42" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[42]</span></a><span lang="EN-US"> E SANTO 1990: 35-38.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn43"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref43" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[43]</span></a> BLÁZQUEZ 1997.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn44"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref44" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[44]</span></a> O exemplo mais conhecido na região é o da Igreja do Corvo, santuário pluriconfessional até esta última época.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn45"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref45" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[45]</span></a> <span class="FootnoteTextChar">Segundo a informação das arqueólogas Sandra Cavaco e Jaquelina Covaneiro, da C.M.T., a quem agradeço a possibilidade de divulgação destes dados antes da publicação dos resultados da intervenção. Foram posteriormente publicados em (CAVACO, S. & COVANEIRO, J. & Candón, A. M. 2006: "O cemitério da "ermida de Santa Ana, Tavira" <i>in</i> XELB (6), <i>Actas do 3º Encontro de Arqueologia do Algarve: Silves, 20-22 Out 2005</i>, Silves: 93-102), artigo que, infelizmente, não acrescenta dados relevantes: nem uma planta das sepulturas nem uma datação mais precisa do que serem do séc. XVIII ou anteriores.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn46"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref46" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[46]</span></a> SERRA 1517: 198.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn47"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref47" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[47]</span></a> KHAWLI 2001:71 e KHAWLI 2002: 36.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn48"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref48" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[48]</span></a> PICARD 2000: 92-94.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn49"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref49" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[49]</span></a> A localização tradicional de <i>Gillā </i>em Arrifana, da autoria de David Lopes, foi posta em causa por Christophe Picard (PICARD 2000: 94, nota 45) e abandonada posteriormente pela maioria dos arabistas, tendo António Rei produzido uma excelente síntese do assunto (REI 2002). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Este autor localiza <i>Gillā</i> no Monte Júlia (ou na Azinhaga da Júlia), lugares da freguesia de Alte (Loulé) a partir da sua proximidade de Silves e da homofonia dos topónimos. Porém Júlia é uma antropónimo corrente e transparente, de origem portuguesa provavelmente moderna. A sua associação a Monte e Charneca, comum a outros antropónimos semelhantes, reforçam esta conclusão. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Para além da ausência de um perfil arqueo-topográfico próprio de um <i>ribat</i>, penso que o erro consiste essencialmente em procurar-se um lugar dos arredores de Silves, condicionado pelo anacronismo territorial dos limites do concelho actual ou mesmo do termo medieval. Segundo a própria leitura de Rei (REI 2002: 54, nota 10) <i>Gillā </i>é um dos povoados de Silves. Ora "Silves" surge habitualmente nas fontes árabes como referente do território ou da esfera do domínio político sediado na cidade (tal como sucedera com <i>Uksunuba</i> em séculos anteriores), ou seja, da totalidade da província, territorialmente mais extensa do que o Algarve moderno.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Abdallah Khawli colocou também a hipótese de associar <i>Gillā</i> ao topónimo <i>Gião</i><i>Giões</i> (Giões, Alcoutim). Sendo um antropónimo também derivado de <i>Juliano </i>(<i>Gião < Julião < Juliano</i>), é contudo uma forma onomástica galaico-portuguesa, que surge no Algarve apenas como consequência do povoamento português posterior à conquista (A. FERNANDES 1999: 254-255 e informação complementar desta autora). A transformação <i>Gião < Gillā</i> é assim virtualmente impossível por razões histórico-linguísticas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Khawli considerou ainda a localização referida como "Gilão" na zona de Santa Clara-a-Nova (Almodôvar), originalmente surgida nos mapas de Tomás Lopez de Machuca (c. 1780) e reproduzida posteriormente em numerosa cartografia dela copiada até c. 1830, com destaque para os mapas militares da Guerra Peninsular. Na realidade tal identificação é impossível pois o topónimo é um dos numerosos erros de designação de lugares e de implantações de caminhos do mapa de Tomás Lopez, não correspondendo a nenhuma realidade corográfica conhecida noutras fontes coevas nem na cartografia da 2ª metade do séc. XIX, muito mais rigorosa e detalhada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn50"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref50" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[50]</span></a> KAHWLI 2003: 133-4 (KAHWLI, Abdallah 2003: "Tavira Islâmica. Novos dados sobre a sua História" <i>in</i> (Maia, M. & Fernandes, C. com.) <i>Tavira, Território e Poder</i>, Câmara Municipal de Tavira, Tavira: 131-146).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn51"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref51" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[51]</span></a> TAHIRI 2003: 151-3 (TAHIRI, Ahmed 2003: "Tavira Islâmica. Una entidad urbana de Ukšunuba en Gharb al-Andalus" <i>in</i> (Maia, M. & Fernandes, C. com.) <i>Tavira, Território e Poder</i>, Câmara Municipal de Tavira, Tavira: 147-154).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn52"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref52" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[52]</span></a> Informação de Abdallah Khawli.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn53"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref53" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[53]</span></a> M MAIA 2003: 156.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn54"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref54" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[54]</span></a> MERIDA 2003: 135 e ENCARNAÇÃO 1988: 128-9, nº 76 e 134-7, nº 80.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn55"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref55" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[55]</span></a> Esta notícia deve associar-se à lenda fundacional da igreja de Santa Catarina, que relata a história da imagem encontrada numa rocha junto à Fonte do Bispo, que, quando deslocada para o sítio da nova igreja, regressava ao lugar inicial, até à realização de um ritual de pacificação. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Este estereótipo bastante comum (Senhora da Piedade de Loulé, São Brás de Alportel, etc.) revela geralmente um lugar de culto pré-cristão e a sua continuidade moçárabe, até à obliteração pós-Trentina destes locais, que foi sistemática no Algarve, acompanhando-se habitualmente da mudança do lugar de culto, da dedicação e da base do ritual, com repressão formal dos seus aspectos pagãos, ainda muito vivos no século XVII.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn56"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref56" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[56]</span></a> GOMES E MONTEIRO 1977: 162</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn57"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref57" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[57]</span></a> Estudo do autor, inédito.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn58"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref58" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[58]</span></a>CHOUQUER e FAVORY 2001: 115-124.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn59"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref59" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[59]</span></a> SANTOS 1972: 297-300. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn60"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref60" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[60]</span></a> MARQUES 1995: 111,133</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn61"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref61" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[61]</span></a> Informação de Sandra Cavaco.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn62"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref62" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[62]</span></a> ENCARNAÇÃO 1984: 146-148, nº 88</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn63"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref63" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[63]</span></a> CESÁRIO 2000. Transcrevemos, com a devida vénia, a leitura e respectiva tradução deste autor: D(<i>iis</i>) M(<i>anibus</i>) [S(<i>acrum</i>)] / SALIANVS V(<i>i</i>)X(<i>it</i>) / ANNIS XXXIII (<i>trigintatribus</i>) M(<i>ensibus</i>) / II (<i>duobos</i>) ROMVLE(<i>n</i>)SIS PATER /<sup>5 </sup>POS(<i>uit</i>) <f>ILIO PIENTISS(<i>imo</i>) SIT(<i>o</i>) / BARB(<i>a</i>)E //</f></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> Consagrado aos Deuses Manes. Salianus, natural de (Singilia) Barba, viveu trinta e três anos e dois meses. O pai, Romulensis, colocou ao filho, modelo de piedade, (que aqui está) sepultado.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn64"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref64" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[64]</span></a> ANICA 1993: 37.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn65"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref65" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[65]</span></a> SERRA 1517: 195.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn66"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref66" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[66]</span></a> SANTOS 1972: 297.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn67"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref67" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[67]</span></a> ST.PATRICK 2005e.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn68"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref68" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[68]</span></a> FREND 2000: 325,328.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn69"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref69" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[69]</span></a> No Noroeste, mais afastado da influência bizantina, o culto de Santo Estêvão é atestado desde o séc. VI (MENÉNDEZ, J. 2000:165).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn70"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref70" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[70]</span></a> VASCONCELOS, J. Leite 1982: <i>Etnografia Portuguesa, </i> vol. VIII, INCM, Lisboa: 507.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn71"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref71" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[71]</span></a> OLMSTED 1994: 158.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn72"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref72" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[72]</span></a> FRAGA 2007: 117-8, mapa 11.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn73"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref73" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[73]</span></a> OLIVEIRA 1913: 88-93.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn74"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref74" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[74]</span></a> FRAGA 2005a: Mapa 24, Síntese corográfica e viária do Sul da Lusitânia</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn75"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref75" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[75]</span></a> A restituição da forma urbana de <i>Balsa </i>revela a existência de uma nova cidade acoplada à anterior, constituindo uma <i>dípolis</i>, forma que se poderá associar a refundações que unissem uma comunidade pré-existente com um novo grupo imigrante (FRAGA 2005 b: <i>hipótese de evolução urbana</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633" name="_edn76"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=18495377&postID=2480268105855644633#_ednref76" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference">[76]</span></a> De que sobreviveram, na toponímia do Algarve Litoral, a Leste de Faro, <i>Galvana</i>, <i>Sambada</i>, <i>Jordana, Marim, Fajana </i>e<i> Caiana</i> (estudo inédito de Alice Fernandes).</span></div>
Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-54588078441696193152011-01-26T21:34:00.000+00:002011-01-26T21:34:42.921+00:00Arqueo-Topografia de Balsa<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://arkeotavira.com/balsa/flash/balsa-topog.swf" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_DGBXw0Y3PUc/TUCSvJskjtI/AAAAAAAAAoM/RT4JWMhV910/s640/balsa-top.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Clique na imagem ou <a href="http://arkeotavira.com/balsa/flash/balsa-topog.swf">aqui</a></div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-14046489661512628592011-01-26T10:09:00.001+00:002011-01-26T10:09:47.046+00:00Carta Agrícola e Corográfica. Folha 179<table align="CENTER" bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width: 350px;"><tbody>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Ver uma descrição geral <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2009/11/alcacer-do-sal-carta-agricola-e.html">aqui</a> </span></div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-81577243241334159392011-01-26T10:07:00.000+00:002011-01-26T10:07:55.543+00:00Carta Agrícola e Corográfica. Folha 170<table align="CENTER" bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width: 350px;"><tbody>
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<tr><td><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">FOLHA 170- ALCÁCER DO SAL</span></b></div><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,28,0" height="400" id="theMovie" width="350"><param NAME="FlashVars" VALUE="zoomifyImagePath=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/170/&zoomifyWatermarkMedia=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/watermark.png&zoomifyNavWindow=0"><param NAME="MENU" VALUE="FALSE"><param NAME="SRC" VALUE="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/ZWV.swf"><embed FlashVars="zoomifyImagePath=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/170/&zoomifyWatermarkMedia=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/watermark.png&zoomifyNavWindow=0" SRC="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/ZWV.swf" MENU="false" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" WIDTH="350" HEIGHT="400" NAME="theMovie"></EMBED></OBJECT></td></tr>
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</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Copyright Luís Fraga da Silva. <a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/">Campo Arqueológico de Tavira<br />
</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Carta Agrícola e Corográfica de Portugal. (Gerardo Pery, org.) </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ver uma descrição geral <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2009/11/alcacer-do-sal-carta-agricola-e.html">aqui</a> </span></div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18495377.post-65363956243664649202011-01-26T10:06:00.001+00:002011-01-26T10:08:24.505+00:00Carta Agrícola e Corográfica. Folha 171<table align="CENTER" bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width: 350px;"><tbody>
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<tr><td><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">FOLHA 171- TORRÃO</span></b></div><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,28,0" height="400" id="theMovie" width="350"><param NAME="FlashVars" VALUE="zoomifyImagePath=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/171/&zoomifyWatermarkMedia=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/watermark.png&zoomifyNavWindow=0"><param NAME="MENU" VALUE="FALSE"><param NAME="SRC" VALUE="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/ZWV.swf"><embed FlashVars="zoomifyImagePath=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/171/&zoomifyWatermarkMedia=http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/watermark.png&zoomifyNavWindow=0" SRC="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Pery/Folhas/ZWV.swf" MENU="false" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" WIDTH="350" HEIGHT="400" NAME="theMovie"></EMBED></OBJECT></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright Luís Fraga da Silva. <a href="http://www.arkeotavira.com/">Campo Arqueológico de Tavira</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Carta Agrícola e Corográfica de Portugal. (Gerardo Pery, org.) </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Ver uma descrição geral <a href="http://imprompto.blogspot.com/2009/11/alcacer-do-sal-carta-agricola-e.html">aqui</a> </span></div>Balsensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05426612310757412096noreply@blogger.com0